Guitar kirtani bakwai na Rasha: fasali na kayan aiki, tarihi, nau'ikan, dabarun wasa

Gitar mai kirtani bakwai kayan aiki ne da aka zare wanda ya bambanta da tsari da nau'in kirtani 6 na gargajiya. Rukunin kirtani bakwai na Rasha shine mafi kyawun kiɗan kiɗa don hutun gida da taron abokantaka; al'ada ce a rika yi ta soyayya da wakokin gargajiya a kai.

Abubuwan ƙira

Gitar mai kirtani bakwai an raba shi da sharaɗi zuwa na gargajiya mai kyau-zaure da gypsy tare da igiyoyin ƙarfe. Tsawon kirtani mai aiki shine 55-65 cm.

An kasu kaurin igiyoyin guitar zuwa:

• kashi biyar siriri ne;
• seconds - matsakaici;
• kashi uku suna da kauri.

Kowane na gaba yana ƙasa da na baya a sautin.

Ƙwaƙwalwar ganga (tushe) ta ƙunshi allunan sauti guda biyu waɗanda aka ɗaure da harsashi (bangon gefe). Don yin shi, ana amfani da itace - linden, spruce, cedar - ƙirƙirar sauti mai kauri, mai arziki. A cikin akwati, an shigar da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa bisa ga tsarin Scherzer (daidai da juna, a juye zuwa bene na sama) - sassan da ke kare tsarin katako daga lalacewa. Fuskar gaba na ganga ko da yake, na ƙasa yana da ɗan ɗanɗana.

Ramin zagaye na tsakiya ana kiransa rosette. Gadar dai an yi ta ne da katako mai yawa, sirdin nata an yi ta ne da kashi (yafi da tsofaffin kayan aiki) ko kuma filastik. Ana yin ado da nau'in gypsy iri-iri na kayan kida tare da rufin filastik; babu wani abu na gargajiya.

Wuyan yana da bakin ciki: 4,6-5 cm a goro, 5,4-6 cm a goro. An yi allon yatsansa da ebony ko wani katako mai kauri. Frets sune karfe ko tagulla.

Siffar halayyar guitar ta Rasha ita ce haɗin wuyan wuyansa tare da drum tare da sukurori. Ta hanyar karkatar da sassan dunƙule, mawaƙin yana sanya goro wanda ke shimfiɗa igiyoyin zuwa wani tsayi, ta haka ne ya haifar da bakan sautin da ake so. Yayin da goro ya ƙaru, ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙarfi don tara igiyoyin.

Menene bambanci tsakanin guitar kirtani bakwai da kirtani shida

Bambanci tsakanin kirtani bakwai da guitar kirtani shida kadan ne, shine kunnawa da adadin kirtani. Babban bambancin tsarin shine ƙari na bass na ƙananan layi, wanda aka kunna a cikin contra-octave "si".

Wani kayan aiki ya bambanta da wani wajen daidaitawa kamar haka:

• guitar kirtani 6 yana da tsarin kwata - mi, si, gishiri, re, la, mi;
• na'urar kirtani 7 tana da maƙasudin ƙima - re, si, sol, re, si, sol, re.

Ƙarƙashin ƙananan bass ɗin yana ƙaunar musamman ta rockers masu kunna kida mai nauyi akan gitar lantarki. Lokacin da aka haɗa su da amplifier combo, ƙwanƙolin kayan aikin lantarki mai igiya bakwai suna samun jikewa da zurfi.

Tarihin guitar kirtani bakwai

Gitar kirtani bakwai na Rasha shine sakamakon gwaje-gwajen maigidan Faransa Rene Lecomte, kodayake an yi imanin cewa mawaƙin Rasha na asalin Czech Andrey Osipovich Sykhra shine mahaliccin. Bafaranshen ne ya fara zayyana samfurin kirtani bakwai, amma bai samu gindin zama a Yammacin Turai ba, kuma Sichra kawai ya shahara da gitar mai kirtani 7, wanda ya bayyana a Rasha a ƙarshen karni na 18. Mawaƙin ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa ta kere-kere ga kayan aikin, ya ƙirƙira kuma ya yi waƙoƙin kida fiye da dubu. Wataƙila har ma sun kafa tsarin da ake amfani da su a halin yanzu na kayan aiki. An shirya bikin kide-kide na farko a cikin 1793 a Vilna.

Akwai wani sigar asalin guitar kirtani bakwai. Mai ƙirƙira na iya zama mawaƙin Czech Ignatius Geld, wanda ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki a lokaci ɗaya da Sychra. Ya rubuta littafi don kunna guitar kirtani bakwai, wanda matar Alexander I ta gabatar a cikin 1798.

Samfurin kirtani bakwai ya sami mafi girman shahara a Rasha. Gogaggen mawaƙin guitar da mafari ne suka buga shi cikin sauƙi, manyan mutane sun yi ta soyayya, da gypsies kuma waƙoƙinsu masu taɓawa.

A yau, kayan kirtani bakwai ba kayan kide-kide ba ne, har ma da kayan kida. Ana kimanta shi kuma an zaɓi shi musamman ta baradu. Yana da daraja tunawa da romantic, melodic wasanni na Okudzhava da Vysotsky. Ko da yake an ƙirƙiri ayyukan kide-kide da yawa. Saboda haka, a 1988, da mawaki Igor Vladimirovich Rekhin rubuta Rasha Concerto, da kuma a 2007 da guitarist Alexei Aleksandrovich Agibalov gabatar da shirin ga gita da makada.

Kamfanin Lunacharsky yana samar da gita-gita 7 tun 1947. Baya ga na gargajiya, ana samar da gitar lantarki a yau, ana amfani da su a cikin salon djent, ƙarfe na dutse.

Daidaitaccen kirtani na XNUMX-gitar

Kirtani na bakwai an kunna octave a ƙarƙashin kewayon kirtani 6 na al'ada. Tsarin da aka ɗauka azaman ma'auni shine kamar haka:

• D - 1st octave;
• si, gishiri, re - karamin octave;
• si, gishiri, re - babban octave.

Don daidaita kirtani bakwai, ana amfani da ka'idar kwatanta filaye na igiyoyin makwabta. An danna ɗaya a kan takamaiman tashin hankali, na biyu an bar shi kyauta, sautin su ya kamata ya zama haɗin kai.

Suna fara kunna kunne daga kirtani na farko a kan cokali mai yatsa "A", danna shi a kan motsi na 7 (ko kunna mai kyauta bisa ga piano "D" na 1st aftertaste). Bugu da ari, ana gyara su ta la'akari da maimaita tazara. Ƙananan na uku yana da 3 semitones, babba na uku yana da 4, kuma na huɗu mai tsabta yana da 5. A kan fretboard, damuwa na gaba yana canza farar ta hanyar semitone idan aka kwatanta da na baya. Wato, damuwa tare da kirtani da aka danna yana nuna adadin ƙananan sautin da ke canza sautin kirtani kyauta.

Mafi kyawun maɓalli don kunna guitar Rasha:

• manyan - G, C, D;
• ƙaramin - mi, la, si, re, sol, yi.

Ƙarin rikitarwa da rashin jin daɗi a aiwatar da tonality:

• manyan - F, B, B-lebur, A, E, E-flat;
• ƙarami - F, F kaifi.

Wasu zaɓuɓɓukan suna da wahalar amfani.

iri

Suna samar da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan gita guda bakwai na Rashanci. Bugu da ƙari, girman zai iya rinjayar zaɓin kayan aiki, saboda yana ƙayyade kaddarorin kiɗa:

• Babban guitar daidai yake. Tsawon sashin aiki na kirtani shine 65 cm.
• Tertz guitar - matsakaicin girman. Tsawon cm 58. An daidaita sama fiye da na baya da ƙaramin kashi uku. Saboda kayan aikin yana jujjuyawa, bayanin kula ana nuna shi da kashi uku na wannan bayanin akan madaidaicin guitar.
• Guitar kwata - ƙananan girman. 55 cm tsayi. An daidaita sama fiye da misali zuwa cikakke na huɗu.

Yadda ake kunna guitar kirtani bakwai

Ya fi dacewa don mafari guitarist don yin wasa a wurin zama. Sanya kayan aiki akan ƙafar ku, ɗauka da sauƙi danna sashinsa na sama a kirjin ku. Latsa hannun mai aiki a gaban faɗuwar fuskar ganga. Don kwanciyar hankali, sanya ƙafar da guitar ke kan wata karamar kujera. Kar a danna daya kafar. Sanya babban yatsan yatsa akan igiyoyin bass. Matsar da na tsakiya uku (karamin yatsa ba ya cikin hannu) zuwa tafin hannunka. Babban motsi zuwa gare su, ba haɗawa ba.

A mataki na farko na koyon fasaha na kunna guitar kirtani bakwai, yi aiki tare da zaren budewa, wannan zai taimake ka ka koyi yadda ake cire waƙa ta hanyar wuce babban yatsan ka tare da layin kirtani. Kada ku yi amfani da hannunku mara aiki a wannan matakin.

Sanya babban yatsan hannunka akan kirtani na 7 sannan ka danna kasa kadan. Fihirisa - a kan 3rd, tsakiya - a kan 2nd, marar suna - a kan 1st. Matsar da babban yatsan hannunka zuwa kirtani na kasa, yayin da a lokaci guda ta amfani da sauran yatsan hannunka don kunna sautunan akan igiyoyin da suka dace. Maimaita aikin, matsar da yatsan yatsa har zuwa kirtani na 4. Yi motsa jiki har sai gwanin ya zama mai sarrafa kansa.