Francesco Tamagno |

Francesco Tamagno

Mai ba da labari mai ban mamaki Irakli Andronnikov ya yi sa'a don samun masu shiga tsakani. Da zarar maƙwabcinsa a cikin dakin asibiti ya kasance fitaccen dan wasan kwaikwayo na Rasha Alexander Ostuzhev. Sun kwashe kwanaki suna hira. Ko ta yaya muna magana ne game da rawar Othello - daya daga cikin mafi kyau a cikin aikin artist. Kuma a sa'an nan Ostuzhev gaya m interlocutor wani m labari.

A ƙarshen karni na 19, shahararren mawakin Italiya Francesco Tamagno ya ziyarci Moscow, wanda ya ba kowa mamaki da rawar da Otello ya yi a cikin opera na Verdi na wannan sunan. Ƙarfin shigar da muryar mawakin ya yi ta yadda za a ji shi a kan titi, sai ga daliban da ba su da kuɗin tikitin shiga cikin jama'a a gidan wasan kwaikwayo don sauraron babban malamin. An ce kafin wasan kwaikwayon, Tamagno ya ɗaure ƙirjinsa da corset na musamman don kada ya yi numfashi sosai. Game da wasansa kuwa, ya yi wasan karshe ne da irin wannan fasaha ta yadda masu sauraro suka yi tsalle daga kan kujerunsu a daidai lokacin da mawakin ya soki kirjinsa da wuka. Ya wuce wannan rawar kafin farawa (Tamagno ya kasance mai shiga cikin farkon duniya) tare da mawaki da kansa. Shaidun gani da ido sun adana abubuwan da ke tunawa da yadda Verdi ya nuna wa mawakin cikin basira yadda ake soka wuka. Waƙar Tamagno ta bar alamar da ba za a taɓa mantawa da ita ba a kan yawancin masoya da masu fasahar wasan opera na Rasha.

KS Stanislavsky, wanda ya halarci Mamontov Opera, inda mawaƙa ya yi a 1891, yana da tunanin tunanin da ba za a manta da shi ba game da waƙarsa: "Kafin wasan kwaikwayo na farko a Moscow, bai isa ya yi talla ba. Suna jiran mawaƙi mai kyau - babu ƙari. Tamagno ya fito a cikin suturar Othello, tare da katon gininsa mai girma, kuma nan da nan ya kurma da rubutu mai lalata. Jama'a a hankali, kamar mutum ɗaya, sun jingina da baya, kamar suna kare kansu daga girgiza harsashi. Rubutun na biyu - har ma ya fi karfi, na uku, na hudu - da yawa - kuma lokacin da, kamar wuta daga raƙuman ruwa, bayanin ƙarshe ya tashi a kalmar "Muslim-aa-nee", masu sauraro sun rasa hayyacinsu na mintuna da yawa. Duk muka yi tsalle. Abokai suna neman juna. Baƙi sun juya ga baƙi da wannan tambaya: “Shin kun ji? Menene?". Kungiyar makada ta tsaya. Rudani akan mataki. Amma ba zato ba tsammani, da suka dawo hayyacinsu, taron ya ruga zuwa dandalin suna ruri da murna, suna neman a ba su. Fedor Ivanovich Chaliapin kuma yana da mafi girman ra'ayi na singer. Ga yadda ya fada a cikin abubuwan tunawa nasa "Shafukan Daga Rayuwata" game da ziyararsa zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo na La Scala a cikin bazara na 1901 (inda babban bass da kansa ya yi waƙa a cikin "Mephistopheles" na Boito) don sauraron fitaccen mawaki: “A ƙarshe, Tamagno ya bayyana. Marubucin [Mawaƙin da aka manta da shi yanzu I. Lara wanda mawakin wasan opera Messalina ya yi – ed.] ya shirya masa wata magana mai ban mamaki. Ta haifar da fashewar baki ɗaya na farin ciki daga jama'a. Tamagno na musamman ne, zan iya cewa, tsohuwar murya. Doguwa, siririya, ya kasance kyakkyawa mai fasaha kamar yadda shi mawaƙi ne na musamman."

Shahararriyar Felia Litvin kuma ta sha'awar fasahar fitaccen ɗan Italiyanci, wanda aka ba da shaida a cikin littafinta "My Life and My Art": "Na kuma ji" William Tell" tare da F. Tamagno a matsayin Arnold. Ba shi yiwuwa a kwatanta kyawun muryarsa, ƙarfinsa na halitta. 'Yan uku da aria "Ya Matilda" sun faranta min rai. A matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo mai ban tausayi, Tamagno ba shi da daidai. "

Babban dan wasan kwaikwayo na Rasha Valentin Serov, wanda ya gode wa mawaƙa tun lokacin da ya zauna a Italiya, inda ya saurare shi, kuma sau da yawa ya sadu da shi a Mamontov Estate, ya zana hotonsa, wanda ya zama daya daga cikin mafi kyau a cikin aikin mai zane. 1891, sanya hannu a 1893). Serov ya sami nasarar nemo wata alama mai ban sha'awa (da gangan da girman kai ya ɗaga kai), wanda ya nuna daidai ainihin ma'anar fasahar Italiyanci.

Waɗannan abubuwan tunawa za su iya ci gaba. Mai rairayi ya ziyarci Rasha akai-akai (ba kawai a Moscow ba, har ma a St. Petersburg a 1895-96). Abin da ya fi ban sha'awa a yanzu, a kwanakin mawaƙin cika shekaru 150, tunawa da hanyarsa ta kirkira.

An haife shi a Turin a ranar 28 ga Disamba, 1850 kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin yara 15 a cikin dangin mai kula da masauki. A lokacin kuruciyarsa, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai yin tuya, sannan ya zama maƙera. Ya fara nazarin rera waƙa a Turin tare da C. Pedrotti, shugaban ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo na Regio Theater. Sannan ya fara taka rawa a cikin mawakan wannan gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Bayan ya yi aikin soja, ya ci gaba da karatu a Milan. Na farko da singer ya faru a 1869 a Palermo a cikin Donizetti ta opera "Polyeuctus" (bangaren Nearco, shugaban Armenian Kiristoci). Ya ci gaba da yin a kananan ayyuka har zuwa 1874, har zuwa karshe, a cikin Palermo gidan wasan kwaikwayo "Massimo" nasara zo masa a cikin rawar da Richard (Riccardo) a Verdi ta opera "Un ballo in maschera". Tun daga wannan lokacin ne aka fara hawan matashin mawakin cikin sauri zuwa shahara. A 1877 ya fara halarta a La Scala (Vasco da Gama a Meyerbeer's Le Africane), a 1880 ya rera a can a cikin duniya farko na Ponchielli opera The Prodigal Son, a 1881 ya yi rawar da Gabriel Adorno a farkon wani sabon abu. Sigar wasan opera na Verdi Simon Boccanegra, a cikin 1884 ya shiga cikin farkon bugu na 2nd (Italiyanci) na Don Carlos (bangaren taken).

A 1889, da singer yi wasa a karo na farko a London. A wannan shekarar ya rera wani ɓangare na Arnold a cikin "William Tell" (daya daga cikin mafi kyau a cikin aikinsa) a Chicago (American halarta a karon). Babban nasarar Tamagno shine rawar Othello a farkon wasan opera (1887, La Scala). An rubuta da yawa game da wannan farkon, ciki har da hanya na shirye-shiryensa, da kuma nasara, wanda, tare da mawaki da kuma liberttist (A.Boito), ya cancanci raba ta Tamagno (Othello), Victor Morel (Iago) da kuma Romilda Pantaleoni (Desdemona). Bayan wasan kwaikwayo, jama'a sun kewaye gidan da mawakin ya sauka. Verdi ya fita zuwa baranda kewaye da abokai. An yi wani kirari na Tamagno "Esultate!". Jama'a suka amsa da murya dubu.

Matsayin Othello wanda Tamagno ya yi ya zama almara a cikin tarihin opera. The singer aka yaba da Rasha, Amurka (1890, halarta a karon a Metropolitan Theatre), Ingila (1895, halarta a karon a Covent Garden), Jamus (Berlin, Dresden, Munich, Cologne), Vienna, Prague, ba a ma maganar Italian gidan wasan kwaikwayo .

Daga cikin wasu jam'iyyun da mawakiyar ya yi nasara akwai Ernani a cikin opera na Verdi mai suna Edgar (Donizetti's Lucia di Lammermoor), Enzo (La Gioconda na Ponchielli), Raul (Huguenots na Meyerbeer). John na Leiden ("Annabi" na Meyerbeer), Samson ("Samson da Delilah" na Saint-Saens). A karshen aikinsa na waka, ya kuma yi wasa a zahiri. A cikin 1903, an rubuta adadin gutsuttsura da arias daga wasan operas da Tamagno ya yi a rubuce. A 1904 da singer bar mataki. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ya shiga cikin harkokin siyasa na ƙasarsa Turin, ya yi takara don zaben birni (1904). Tamagno ya mutu a ranar 31 ga Agusta, 1905 a Varese.

Tamagno ya mallaki mafi kyawun hazaka na tenor mai ban mamaki, tare da sauti mai ƙarfi da ƙarar sauti a cikin duk rijistar. Har zuwa wani lokaci, wannan ya zama (tare da fa'idodi) wani rashin amfani. Don haka Verdi, da yake neman wanda ya dace da matsayin Othello, ya rubuta: “A fannoni da yawa, Tamagno zai dace sosai, amma a wasu da yawa, bai dace ba. Akwai fadi da kuma tsawaita jimlolin da ya kamata a yi amfani da su a kan mezza voche, wanda ba shi da isa ga shi kwata-kwata… Wannan yana damun ni sosai. Da yake faɗi a cikin littafinsa “Vocal Parallels” wannan jimla daga wasiƙar Verdi zuwa mawallafin Giulio Ricordi, shahararren mawaƙin nan G. Lauri-Volpi ya ci gaba da cewa: “Tamagno ya yi amfani da shi, don ƙara sautin muryarsa, hancin hanci, cika su. tare da iska ta hanyar rage labulen palatine da amfani da numfashin diaphragmatic-ciki. Babu makawa, emphysema na huhu ya zo ya shiga, wanda ya tilasta masa barin filin wasa a lokacin zinariya kuma ba da daɗewa ba ya kai shi kabari.

Tabbas wannan ra'ayi ne na abokin aikinsu a taron waka, kuma an san su da basira kamar yadda suke nuna son kai ga abokan aikinsu. Ba shi yiwuwa a cire daga babban Italiyanci ba kyawun sauti, ko ƙwarewar numfashi da ƙamus mara kyau, ko yanayi.

Fasaharsa ta shiga cikin taskar al'adun opera na gargajiya har abada.

E. Tsodokov