Plácido Domingo (Plácido Domingo) |

Domingo

An haifi José Placido Domingo Embil a ranar 21 ga Janairu, 1941 a Madrid a cikin dangin mawaƙa. Mahaifiyarsa (Pepita Embil) da mahaifinsa (Plácido Domingo Ferer) sun kasance sanannun masu wasan kwaikwayo a cikin nau'in zarzuela, sunan Mutanen Espanya don wasan kwaikwayo tare da raira waƙa, rawa da magana.

Kodayake yaron ya shiga duniyar waƙa tun yana ƙuruciya, abubuwan sha'awarsa sun bambanta. Yana da shekaru takwas, ya riga ya yi wa jama'a a matsayin mai wasan piano, daga baya ya fara sha'awar waƙa. Koyaya, Placido yana son ƙwallon ƙafa kuma ya taka leda a ƙungiyar wasanni. A 1950, iyayen sun ƙaura zuwa Mexico. A nan sun ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukansu cikin nasara, tare da shirya nasu gungun a birnin Mexico.

Domingo ya rubuta: “Sa’ad da nake ɗan shekara goma sha huɗu…. Iyayena sun fuskanci tambayar ko za su shirya ni don yin sana’a ta mawaƙa,” Domingo ya rubuta. “A ƙarshe, sun yanke shawarar tura ni zuwa Cibiyar Kula da Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwarar kuma sun yanke shawarar tura ni zuwa Cibiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Ƙasa, inda dalibai suka yi karatun kiɗa da kuma karatun gaba. Da farko ya yi mini wuya. Ina son Barajas, na saba da shi kuma na saba da sabon malamina na dogon lokaci. Amma na yi imani da la fona del destino, a cikin tanadi, duk abin da ya faru a rayuwata yawanci ya zama mafi kyau. Lallai, da malamina yana raye, da ba zan kare ba a cikin gidan ra'ayin mazan jiya, kuma da makomata ba ta faru ba da juyin juya halin da ya faru nan ba da jimawa ba kan wannan sabuwar hanyar rayuwa. Da na zauna tare da Barajas, da tabbas na yi burin zama ƴan wasan piano. Kuma ko da yake kunna piano yana da sauƙi - Na karanta da kyau daga gani, ina da kiɗa na halitta - Ina shakkar cewa zan yi babban dan wasan piano. A ƙarshe, da ba a sami sabon yanayi ba, da ban taɓa fara rera waƙa da wuri ba.

Yana da shekaru goma sha shida, Placido ya fara fitowa a cikin rukunin iyayensa a matsayin mawaƙa. A cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na zarzuela, ya gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo da yawa kuma a matsayin jagora.

Domingo ya rubuta: “Manuel Aguilar, ɗan wani fitaccen jami’in diflomasiyyar Mexiko da ya yi aiki a Amirka, ya yi nazari da ni a ofishin kula da mazan jiya. “Kodayaushe ya ce na ɓata lokacina a wasan ban dariya na kiɗa. A shekara ta 1959 ya samu lambar yabo a opera ta kasa. Sai na zaɓi aria guda biyu daga cikin repertoire na baritone: gabatarwa daga Pagliacci da aria daga André Chénier. ‘Yan kwamitin da suka ji ni sun ce suna son muryata, amma, a nasu ra’ayin, ni dan iska ne, ba dan iska ba; An tambaye ni ko zan iya rera waƙar tenor aria. Ban san wannan repertoire ba kwata-kwata, amma na ji wasu aria kuma na ba da shawarar cewa su rera wani abu daga gani. Sun kawo mani bayanin kula na Loris's aria "Ba a haramta ƙauna ba" daga Giordano's "Fedora", kuma, duk da waƙar da aka yi wa ƙarya "la", an ba ni kwangila. Mambobin hukumar sun gamsu cewa ni da gaske ni ɗan haƙori ne.

Na yi mamaki da farin ciki, musamman da yake kwangilar ta ba da kuɗi mai yawa, kuma ina da shekaru goma sha takwas. Akwai yanayi guda biyu a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasa: na kasa, wanda masu fasaha na cikin gida suka yi, da kuma na kasa da kasa, wanda aka gayyaci manyan sassan mashahuran mawakan duniya don yin waka, kuma an yi amfani da mawaƙan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin waɗannan wasanni don tallafawa. matsayin. A gaskiya, an gayyace ni ne don yin irin waɗannan sassa a lokutan yanayi na duniya. Ayyukana kuma sun haɗa da sassan koyo tare da sauran mawaƙa. Na kasance mai rakiya yayin da nake aiki a wasan operas da yawa. Daga cikinsu akwai Faust da Glukovsky Orpheus, a lokacin shirye-shiryen da na yi tare da rehears na choreographer Anna Sokolova.

Matsayina na opera na farko shine Borsa a Rigoletto. A cikin wannan samarwa, Cornell McNeill ya yi rawar take, Flaviano Labo ya rera Duke, kuma Ernestina Garfias ya rera Gilda. Rana ce mai ban sha'awa. Iyayena a matsayinsu na masu sana’ar wasan kwaikwayo, sun ba ni kaya mai kayatarwa. Labo yayi mamakin yadda novice tenor yayi nasarar samun kwat da wando. Bayan 'yan watanni, na yi a cikin wani muhimmin sashi - rera waƙa a cikin firamaren Mexican na Poulenc's Dialogues des Karmelites.

A cikin kakar 1960/61, a karon farko, na sami damar yin wasa tare da fitattun mawaƙa Giuseppe Di Stefano da Manuel Ausensi. Daga cikin ayyukana akwai Remendado a Carmen, Spoletta a Tosca, Goldfinch da Abbe a cikin Andre Chenier, Goro a Madama Butterfly, Gaston a La Traviata da Sarkin sarakuna a Turandot. Da kyar sarkin ya yi waka, amma kayan sa na kayan marmari ne. Martha, wadda na saba da ita sosai a lokacin, har yanzu ba ta rasa damar da za ta tuna min da irin girman da nake yi game da ado mai kyau ba, ko da yake aikin da yake yi ya kasance da ban mamaki. Lokacin da aka ba ni damar buga wa Sarkin sarakuna, ban san Turandot ba kwata-kwata. Ba zan taɓa mantawa da fitowata ta farko a cikin ɗakin karatu ba, inda a wannan lokacin ƙungiyar mawaƙa da ƙungiyar mawaƙa ke koyon lambar "Ya wata, me yasa kuke jinkiri?" Wataƙila, idan na shaida aikinsu a yau, zan lura cewa ƙungiyar mawaƙa tana yin fare sosai, kuma ƙungiyar mawaƙa ba ta yin waƙa sosai, amma a lokacin waƙar ta kama ni gaba ɗaya. Yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun abubuwan gani a rayuwata - Ban taɓa jin abu mai kyau irin wannan ba.

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan fara wasansa, Domingo ya riga ya rera waƙa a Dallas Opera House, sa'an nan har tsawon yanayi uku ya kasance mawaƙin solo na opera a Tel Aviv, inda ya sami damar samun ƙwarewar da ta dace da kuma faɗaɗa repertore.

A cikin rabin na biyu na 60s, babban shahararsa ya zo ga mawaƙa. A cikin kaka na 1966, ya zama wani soloist tare da New York City Opera House da kuma da yawa yanayi yi a kan mataki kamar yadda Rudolf da Pinkerton (La Boheme da Madama Butterfly na G. Puccini), Canio a Pagliacci ta R. Leoncavallo, José a cikin "Carmen" na J. Bizet, Hoffmann a cikin "Tales of Hoffmann" na J. Offenbach.

A cikin 1967, Domingo ya burge mutane da yawa tare da iyawar sa, yana yin rawar gani a Lohengrin akan matakin Hamburg. Kuma a karshen shekarar 1968, godiya ga wani hatsari, ya fara halarta a karon a Metropolitan Opera: rabin sa'a kafin wasan kwaikwayon, sanannen Franco Corelli ji rashin lafiya, kuma Domingo ya zama abokin tarayya Renata Tebaldi a Adrienne Lecouvreur. Sharhi daga masu suka sun kasance cikin farin ciki gaba ɗaya.

A cikin wannan shekarar, mawaƙin Sipaniya ya sami karramawa don raira waƙa a farkon kakar wasa a La Scala, a Hernani, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin ya kasance abin ado maras canzawa na wannan gidan wasan kwaikwayo.

A ƙarshe, a cikin 1970, Domingo a ƙarshe ya ci nasara da 'yan uwansa, ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a La Gioconda na Ponchielli da kuma a cikin opera Poet na F. Torroba, sannan a cikin kide-kide. A watan Oktoba na wannan shekarar, Domingo ya yi wasa a karon farko a cikin ƙwallo na Masquerade na Verdi, a cikin wani gungu tare da shahararren mawakin Spain, Montserrat Caballe. Daga baya sun kafa daya daga cikin sanannun duet.

Tun daga wannan lokacin, aikin Placido Domingo na gaggawa ba zai iya komawa ga alkalami na tarihin tarihin ba, yana da wuya a iya ƙididdige nasarorin da ya samu. Adadin sassan opera da ke cikin repertoire na dindindin sun zarce dozin takwas, amma, ƙari, da son rai ya rera waƙa a cikin zarzuelas, nau'in wasan kwaikwayo na jama'ar Spain da aka fi so. Haɗin kai tare da duk manyan masu gudanarwa na zamaninmu kuma tare da daraktocin fina-finai da yawa waɗanda suka yi fim ɗin operas tare da sa hannu - Franco Zeffirelli, Francesco Rosi, Joseph Schlesinger. Bari mu ƙara da cewa tun 1972 Domingo ya kasance yana aiwatar da tsari a matsayin jagora kuma.

A cikin shekarun 70s da 80s, Domingo akai-akai yana rera waƙa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na manyan gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na duniya: Lambun Covent na London, La Scala na Milan, Grand Opera na Paris, Hamburg da Vienna Opera. Mawakin ya kulla alaka mai karfi da bikin Verona Arena. Wani fitaccen masanin kida na Ingila kuma masanin tarihi na gidan wasan opera G. Rosenthal ya rubuta: “Domingo ya kasance ainihin wahayi ne na wasan kwaikwayo na biki. Bayan Björling, har yanzu ban ji tenor ba, wanda a cikin aikinsa za a sami yawan waƙoƙin sihiri, al'adu na gaske da ɗanɗano mai daɗi.

A 1974, Domingo - a Moscow. Ayyukan da mawaƙin ya yi na ɓangaren Cavaradossi ya kasance a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar yawancin masoyan kiɗa na dogon lokaci.

Domingo ya rubuta: “Na yi wasan farko a Rasha a ranar 8 ga Yuni, 1974. - liyafar da Moscow ta yi wa ƙungiyar La Scala ba ta da tabbas. Bayan wasan kwaikwayon, an yaba mana, mun nuna yarda a duk hanyoyin da ake da su na mintuna arba'in da biyar. Maimaita wasan kwaikwayo na "Tosca" a kan Yuni 10 da 15 an gudanar da wannan nasara. Iyayena suna tare da ni a Tarayyar Soviet, kuma mun bi jirgin da daddare, wanda za a iya kiransa “jirgin fari na dare”, tun da gaske bai yi duhu ba, zuwa Leningrad. Wannan birni ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun gani a rayuwata.

Domingo yana bambanta ta hanyar ban mamaki aiki da sadaukarwa. Rubuce-rubucen rubuce-rubuce, aiki a rediyo da talabijin, wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin jagora da marubuci sun ba da shaida ga fa'ida da iyawa na fasaha na mawaƙin.

"Mawaƙi mai ban sha'awa mai laushi, mai laushi, murya mai tashi, Placido Domingo yana cin nasara ga masu sauraro da son rai da gaskiya," in ji I. Ryabova. - Ayyukansa yana da kida sosai, babu wani tasiri na ji, wasa ga masu sauraro. An bambanta salon fasaha na Domingo ta hanyar al'adun murya mai girma, wadatar kututturen nuances, kamalar zance, fara'a na ban mamaki.

Mai fasaha mai juzu'i da dabara, yana rera waƙoƙin waƙoƙi da ban mamaki masu ban mamaki tare da nasara daidai gwargwado, waƙarsa tana da girma - kusan ayyuka ɗari. Sassa da yawa yana rubutawa da shi a kan bayanai. Fasalin faifan mawaƙin kuma ya haɗa da fitattun waƙoƙi - Italiyanci, Sifen, Amurka. Nasarar da babu shakka ita ce rawar da Domingo ya yi na ja-goranci a cikin mafi mahimmancin daidaitawar opera na kwanan nan - La Traviata da Otello na F. Zeffirelli, Carmen na F. Rosi.

Alexey Parin ya rubuta: “Amurkawa suna son yin rikodin bayanai. A cikin faduwar 1987, Domingo ya buɗe lokacin Opera na Metropolitan sau takwas. Caruso kawai ya zarce shi. Domingo ya sami mafi tsayi a tsaye a duniyar wasan opera, ya mallaki mafi yawan adadin bakuna bayan wasan kwaikwayon. "Ba wai kawai ya yi wasa a babban dutsen Etna ba, ya halarci wani watsa shirye-shirye kai tsaye daga jirgin ruwa, kuma bai rera waka a wani shagali na sadaka da ke gaban penguins na Antarctica," in ji abokin na kud-da-kud na Domingo, shugaba kuma mai suka Harvey. Sachs. Ƙarfin ɗan adam da damar fasaha na Domingo suna da girma - a halin yanzu, ba shakka, babu wani ɗaki ɗaya mai fa'ida mai fa'ida da nau'ikan tessitura kamar na Domingo. Ko nan gaba zai sanya shi a cikin layi ɗaya kamar Caruso da Callas, lokaci zai yanke shawara. Koyaya, abu ɗaya ya riga ya tabbata: a cikin mutumin Domingo, muna hulɗa da babban wakilin al'adun opera na Italiya na rabin na biyu na karni na XNUMX, kuma nasa shaidar nasa na fasaha na fasaha yana da matukar sha'awa. "

Domingo yana cikin mafi girman ikon ƙirƙirarsa. Mawaƙa da masu son kiɗa suna kallon shi a matsayin mai ci gaba da al'adun gargajiya na fitattun mawakan da suka gabata, mai fasaha wanda ke haɓaka al'adun magabata, mai haske mai wakiltar al'adun murya na zamaninmu.

Ga wani yanki daga wani bita mai suna "Othello again at La Scala" (Musical Life Magazine, Afrilu 2002): motsa jiki da makamashi, wanda ya kasance halayyar mawaƙa a cikin mafi kyawun shekarunsa. Duk da haka, wani mu'ujiza ya faru: Domingo, ko da yake yana da matsaloli a cikin babba rajista, miƙa wani karin balagagge, mafi m fassarar, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari na dogon tunani na mai girma artist, almara Othello na biyu rabin na ashirin da karni cewa yana da. kawai ya ƙare.

"Opera fasaha ce da ba ta mutu ba, tana wanzuwa koyaushe," in ji Domingo. - Kuma zai rayu muddin mutane suna cikin damuwa game da ji na gaskiya, soyayya…

Kiɗa yana iya ɗaga mu kusan zuwa kamala, yana iya warkar da mu. Ɗayan babban abin farin ciki a rayuwata shi ne samun wasiƙu daga mutanen da fasaha na ya taimaka wajen dawo da lafiya. Da kowace rana ta wuce, na ƙara gamsuwa da cewa kiɗan yana haɓakawa, yana taimakawa wajen sadar da mutane. Kiɗa yana koya mana jituwa, yana kawo zaman lafiya. Na yarda cewa wannan shine babban kiranta.