Issay Dobrowen |

Issay Dobrown

Real name da surname - Yitzchok Zorakhovich Barabeychik. Yana dan shekara 5 ya yi wasan pianist. A 1901-11 ya yi karatu a Moscow Conservatory tare da AA Yaroshevsky KN Igumnov (piano class). A 1911-12 ya inganta a Makarantar Higher Mastery a Academy of Music and Performing Arts a Vienna tare da L. Godowsky. A 1917-21 farfesa a Moscow Philharmonic School, piano class.

A matsayinsa na madugu, ya fara halarta a gidan wasan kwaikwayo. VF Komissarzhevskaya (1919), gudanar a Bolshoi Theatre a Moscow (1921-22). Ya buga wani shirin wasan kwaikwayo na VI Lenin a gidan EP Peshkova, ciki har da sonata na L. Beethoven "Appassionata". Tun 1923 ya zauna a kasashen waje, yi a matsayin madugu a cikin kade-kade concert da opera gidaje (ciki har da Dresden Jihar Opera, inda a 1923 ya gudanar da farko samar a Jamus Boris Godunov). A cikin 1 shi ne shugaban farko na Bolshoi Volksoper a Berlin kuma darektan Dresden Philharmonic Concerts. A cikin 1924-1, darektan kiɗa na Jihar Opera a Sofia. A shekara ta 1927 ya kasance babban darektan gidan wasan kwaikwayo na gidan kayan gargajiya a Frankfurt am Main.

A cikin 1931-35 shugaban kungiyar kade-kade na kade-kade a San Francisco (2 seasons), wanda ya yi tare da makada da yawa, ciki har da Minneapolis, New York, Philadelphia. Ya zagaya a matsayin madugu a kasashen Turai daban-daban, ciki har da Italiya, Hungary, Sweden (a cikin 1941-45 ya jagoranci Royal Opera a Stockholm). Daga 1948 ya yi a La Scala Theater (Milan).

Dobrovein an bambanta shi da babban al'adun kiɗa, ƙwararrun ƙungiyar makaɗa, kyakkyawar ma'anar kari, fasaha da yanayi mai haske. Mawallafin ayyuka masu yawa a cikin ruhin Romantics da AN Scriabin, daga cikinsu akwai waƙoƙi, ballads, raye-raye da sauran nau'ikan piano, wasan kwaikwayo na piano da makaɗa; 2 sonatas don piano (na 2 an sadaukar da shi ga Scriabin) da 2 don violin da piano; violin (tare da piano); soyayya, wasan kwaikwayo music.

A kasar mu, Dobrovein da aka sani da farko a matsayin pianist. Wani digiri na Moscow Conservatory, dalibi na Taneyev da Igumnov, ya inganta a Vienna tare da L. Godovsky kuma da sauri ya sami Turai shahara. Tuni a zamanin Soviet, Dobrovein ya sami darajar wasa a gidan Gorky ga Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, wanda ya yaba da fasaharsa. Mai zane ya ci gaba da tunawa da taron tare da Lenin har abada. Shekaru da yawa bayan haka, yana nuna girmamawa ga babban jagoran juyin juya hali, Dobrovein ya gudanar da wani kade-kade a Berlin wanda ofishin jakadancin Soviet ya shirya a ranar tunawa da mutuwar Ilyich ...

Dobrovein ya fara halarta a karon a matsayin jagora a 1919 a Bolshoi Theater. Nasarar ta girma cikin sauri, kuma bayan shekaru uku an gayyace shi zuwa Dresden don gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo na gidan wasan opera. Tun daga nan, shekaru talatin - har zuwa mutuwarsa - Dobrovein ya shafe kasashen waje, a ci gaba da yawo da yawon shakatawa. A ko'ina an san shi kuma ana yaba shi da farko a matsayin mai farfaganda mai himma da kyakkyawan fassarar kiɗan Rasha. Ko da a Dresden, wani babban nasara ya kawo shi samar da "Boris Godunov" - na farko a kan mataki na Jamus. Sa'an nan kuma ya maimaita wannan nasara a Berlin, kuma da yawa daga baya - bayan yakin duniya na biyu - Toscanini ya gayyaci Dobrovijn zuwa La Scala, inda ya gudanar Boris Godunov, Khovanshchina, Prince Igor na yanayi uku (1949-1951). ", "Kitezh", "Firebird", "Scheherazade"…

Dobrovein ya zagaya ko'ina cikin duniya. Ya gudanar a gidajen wasan kwaikwayo da kide kide dakunan a Rome, Venice, Budapest, Stockholm, Sofia, Oslo, Helsinki, New York, San Francisco da kuma da dama sauran birane. A cikin 30s, mai zane ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a Amurka, amma ya kasa zama a duniyar kasuwancin kiɗa kuma ya koma Turai da wuri-wuri. A cikin shekaru goma da rabi da suka gabata, Dobrovijn ya fi zama a Sweden, yana jagorantar wasan kwaikwayo da makada a Gothenburg, yana yin kida a kai a kai a Stockholm da sauran biranen Scandinavia da kuma ko'ina cikin Turai. A cikin waɗannan shekarun, ya yi rikodin rikodin ayyukan kiɗan Rasha (ciki har da kade-kade na Medtner tare da marubucin a matsayin soloist), da kuma karimcin Brahms. Waɗannan rikodin suna ba da damar jin menene sirrin fara'a na mai gudanarwa: fassararsa tana jan hankali tare da sabo, saurin motsin rai, bayyanuwa, wani lokacin, duk da haka, sanye da ɗan halin waje. Dobrovein mutum ne mai hazaka da yawa. Yin aiki a cikin gidajen opera na Turai, ya nuna kansa ba kawai a matsayin jagora na farko ba, har ma a matsayin darekta mai basira. Ya rubuta wasan opera “Dare 1001” da kuma yawan abubuwan kirga na piano.

"Masu jagoranci na Zamani", M. 1969.