Antal Doráti (Antal Doráti) |

Doráti Antal

Akwai ƴan madugu waɗanda suka mallaki bayanai da yawa kamar Antalu Dorati. Bayan 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, kamfanonin Amurka sun ba shi rikodin zinare - don sayar da fayafai miliyan daya da rabi; kuma bayan shekara guda sai da suka sake ba wa shugabar wata lambar yabo a karo na biyu. "Wataƙila rikodin duniya!" In ji daya daga cikin masu suka. Ƙarfin aikin fasaha na Dorati yana da girma. Kusan babu wata babbar ƙungiyar makaɗa a Turai wacce ba zai yi ta kowace shekara ba; Direktan yana ba da wasannin kide-kide da yawa a shekara, da kyar yake tafiyar da jirgin daga wata ƙasa zuwa wata ƙasa. Kuma a lokacin rani - bukukuwa: Venice, Montreux, Lucerne, Florence ... Sauran lokutan ana yin rikodi akan bayanai. Kuma a ƙarshe, a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, lokacin da mai zane ba ya cikin na'ura mai kwakwalwa, yana gudanar da tsara kiɗa: kawai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya rubuta cantatas, concerto cello, wasan kwaikwayo da kuma ɗakunan ɗakin da yawa.

Lokacin da aka tambaye shi inda ya sami lokaci don wannan duka, Dorathy ya amsa: “Yana da sauƙi. Ina tashi kowace rana da karfe 7 na safe ina aiki daga karfe bakwai zuwa karfe tara da rabi. Wani lokaci ma da yamma. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a koya mini tun ina yaro in mai da hankali kan aiki. A gida, a Budapest, ya kasance kamar haka: a cikin ɗaki ɗaya, mahaifina ya ba da darussan violin, a ɗayan, mahaifiyata ta buga piano.

Dorati ɗan ƙasar Hungarian ne. Bartok da Kodai sukan ziyarci gidan iyayensa. Dorati ya yanke shawara tun yana ƙarami ya zama jagora. Tuni yana da shekaru goma sha huɗu, ya shirya ƙungiyar mawaƙa na ɗalibi a cikin dakin motsa jiki, kuma a cikin sha takwas lokaci guda ya sami takardar shaidar motsa jiki da difloma daga Kwalejin Music a piano (daga E. Donany) da abun da ke ciki (daga L. Weiner). An karbe shi a matsayin mataimakin madugu a wasan opera. Kusanci da da'irar mawaƙa masu ci gaba ya taimaka wa Dorati ya ci gaba da sanin duk sabbin waƙar zamani, kuma yin aiki a cikin opera ya ba da gudummawar samun ƙwarewar da ta dace.

A shekara ta 1928, Dorati ya bar Budapest ya tafi kasashen waje. Yana aiki a matsayin jagora a cikin gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na Munich da Dresden, yana ba da kide-kide. Sha'awar tafiya ya kai shi zuwa Monte Carlo, zuwa matsayi na babban jagoran Ballet na Rasha - magajin kungiyar Diaghilev. Shekaru da yawa - daga 1934 zuwa 1940 - Dorati ya zagaya tare da Monte Carlo Ballet a Turai da Amurka. Ƙungiyoyin kide-kide na Amurka sun ja hankali ga jagoran: a cikin 1937 ya fara halarta a karon tare da kungiyar kade-kade ta National Symphony a Washington, a 1945 an gayyace shi a matsayin babban darektan a Dallas, kuma bayan shekaru hudu ya maye gurbin Mitropoulos a matsayin shugaban kungiyar makada a Minneapolis. inda ya zauna tsawon shekaru goma sha biyu.

Wadannan shekaru sune mafi mahimmanci a cikin tarihin mai gudanarwa; a cikin dukkan hazakarsa, an bayyana iyawar sa na malami da tsarawa. Mitropoulos, kasancewarsa ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwarar ) ba ta son aiki mai ban sha'awa tare da ƙungiyar mawaƙa kuma ya bar ƙungiyar a cikin mummunan yanayi. Ba da daɗewa ba Dorati ya ɗaga shi zuwa matakin mafi kyawun ƙungiyar makaɗa na Amurka, wanda ya shahara saboda horo, daidaiton sauti da haɗin kai. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Dorathy ya fi aiki a Ingila, inda ya yi yawon shakatawa da yawa. Da babban nasara ya kasance wasan kwaikwayonsa “a ƙasarsa, “Mai jagoranci nagari dole ne ya kasance da halaye biyu,” in ji Dorati, “na farko, yanayin kiɗa mai tsafta: dole ne ya fahimta kuma ya ji kiɗan. Wannan ya tafi ba tare da faɗi ba. Na biyu da alama ba shi da alaƙa da kiɗa: dole ne mai gudanarwa ya iya ba da umarni. Amma a cikin fasaha na "oda" yana nufin wani abu da ya bambanta da, a ce, a cikin sojojin. A cikin fasaha, ba za ku iya ba da oda ba kawai saboda kun kasance matsayi mafi girma: dole ne mawaƙa su so su yi wasa kamar yadda jagoran ya gaya musu.

Kiɗa da fayyace ra'ayoyinsa ne ke jan hankalin Dorati. Aiki na dogon lokaci tare da ballet ya koya masa horo na rhythmic. Ya musamman da wayo yana isar da kidan ballet kala-kala. An tabbatar da wannan, musamman, ta rikodin nasa na Stravinsky's The Firebird, Borodin's Polovtsian Dances, da suite daga Delibes' Coppélia, da nasa ɗakin waltzes na J. Strauss.

Jagoranci na yau da kullun na manyan makada na kade-kade ya taimaka wa Dorati kada ya takaita wakokinsa zuwa ayyuka goma sha biyar na gargajiya da na zamani, amma don fadada shi akai-akai. Ana tabbatar da wannan ta jerin maƙasudai na sauran mafi yawan rikodi nasa. Anan mun sami yawancin waƙoƙin Beethoven, Tchaikovsky's huɗu da na shida, Dvorak's Fifth, Rimsky-Korsakov's Scheherazade, Bartók's The Bluebeard's Castle, Liszt's Hungarian Rhapsodies da Enescu's Romanian Rhapsodies, Exzzerpts da Luzzeng Berry da Wozzerpts daga Romanian Rhapsodies. "Ba'amurke a Paris" na Gershwin, yawancin kide-kide na kayan aiki wanda Dorati ke aiki a matsayin mai dabara kuma daidai gwargwado na irin wadannan mawakan soloists kamar G. Shering, B. Jainis, da sauran shahararrun masu fasaha.

"Masu jagoranci na Zamani", M. 1969.