Ostinato |

ital. ostinato, daga lat. taurin kai - taurin kai, taurin kai

Maimaituwa da yawa a cikin kiɗa. samfur. kowane melodic. ko kawai rhythmic, wani lokacin jituwa. juyawa. Haɗe tare da haɓaka kyauta a cikin wasu muryoyin, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa ta haɓaka. Ko da yake kalmar "O." shiga aikin kiɗa kawai a farkon. Karni na 18, misalan amfani da O. sun hadu da yawa a baya - tun daga karni na 13. (O. a cikin tenor, alal misali, a cikin sanannen Turanci "Summer Canon"), musamman a cikin sautin murya. wok. kiɗa na ƙarni na 15-16. (misali, nau'ikan maimaitawa na cantus firmus a cikin motets da tarin mawaƙa na makarantar Dutch). Daga karni na 16 O. amfani da bass ya sami mahimmanci na musamman (duba Basso ostinato). A cikin ƙarni na 19 da na 20 rawar O. a Yammacin Turai. kiɗa yana ƙara ƙara, wanda ya ƙayyade ta hanyar wayar da kan jama'a don bayyanawa. yuwuwar wannan fasaha (canja wuri na musamman barga, "ƙarfi" jihohi: haɓaka tashin hankali) kuma yana da alaƙa da tasirin waje na Turai. (musamman na Afirka) kiɗa. al'adu.

Vakhromeev