Heinz Bongartz (Heinz Bongartz) |
Heinz Bongartz
A farkon karni na XNUMX, fasahar wasan kwaikwayo ta Jamus ta samar da dukan taurarin madubai na ban mamaki. Heinz Bongarz, daya daga cikin manyan masu jagoranci na Jamhuriyar Demokaradiyyar Jamus, shi ma yana cikin wannan "tsara na hazaka". Kamar sauran manyan malamai, ya zama mai shelar tushen ka'idoji na makarantar gudanarwa na Jamus, a kan tuta wanda aka rubuta buƙatun gaskiya na fasaha mai zurfi, bayyananniyar fahimta da cikakkiyar fasaha.
Bongarz ya ƙware waɗannan ka'idodin yayin karatunsa a Krefeld Conservatory a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Z. Ney, O. Neitzel, F. Steinbach (1908-1914). Ba da daɗewa ba bayan yakin duniya na farko, aikinsa na kide-kide ya fara - da farko a matsayin mawaƙa, sa'an nan kuma a matsayin madubin opera a Mönchengladbach (1923) kuma a matsayin jagoran ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Symphony na Berlin (1924-1926). Bayan haka, Bongarz ya yi aiki tare da manyan makada a Meiningen, Darmstadt, Gotha, Kassel, Saarbrücken da sauran cibiyoyin al'adu na Jamus, kuma ya zagaya kasashen waje. A wannan lokacin, an kammala samuwar mutumtakar Bongarts, repertoire yana fadadawa.
Haɓakar hazakar mai gudanarwa a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ta zo ne a cikin shekarun bayan yaƙi, lokacin da ya jagoranci ƙungiyar Orchestra ta Dresden Philharmonic na tsawon shekaru goma sha shida (1947-1963). Ƙarƙashin jagorancin mawaƙi mai daraja, ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin makada a ƙasar ya kai matakin fasaha na musamman. Ɗaya daga cikin masu sukar mai iko ya ce "Kungiyar Orchestra ta Dresden tana bin duk nasarorin da ta samu ga shugabanta." Tare da Dresden Orchestra, kazalika da kansa, ya yi nasara yawon shakatawa na Faransa, Romania, Italiya, Poland da sauran ƙasashe, kuma akai-akai yi a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. Mujallar Soviet Music ta rubuta: “Abin da ya dace na Bongarts yana cikin madaidaici, mai tsauri kuma a lokaci guda kuma yana bayyana gaskiyar abin da mawaƙin yake nufi.” "Babban abu a gare shi ba shine haske na cikakkun bayanai ba, amma ci gaba da ci gaban ra'ayi da kuma cikakkiyar ma'anar abin da ke ciki."
Mafi girman nasarorin da madubin ya samu suna da alaƙa da wasan kwaikwayo na kayan tarihi na Jamusanci - wasan kwaikwayo na Beethoven, Schubert, Schumann, Brahms, Bruckner. Fassararsa na Symphony na biyar na Beethoven, na biyu na Brahms, Schubert's “Ba a gama ba” masu sauraronmu za su tuna da shi na dogon lokaci don daidaituwar al'ada da girman kai.
Abin da aka faɗa ba ya nufin, ba shakka, cewa Bongarts yana da gefe ɗaya a cikin tausayawarsa ta kirkira. Hakanan ana san shugabar a matsayin mai himma da gajiyawa wajen tallata ayyukan marubutan zamani, Jamusanci da na waje. Bayan 'yan shekaru da suka wuce, a cikin GDR, ya gudanar da wani ban sha'awa sake zagayowar na kide kide, "Music na 1953th Century", kuma mafi kwanan nan, wani sake zagayowar "Rasha da Soviet Music". Bayan ya bar mukaminsa a Dresden a cikin XNUMX, mai gudanarwa ya ci gaba da yin wasanni akai-akai a cikin kide-kide da yawon shakatawa. An ƙarfafa ikon mawaƙa ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa shi kansa mawaƙi ne mai ban sha'awa da asali. Daga cikin abubuwan da ya kirkira akwai suites na kade-kade da yawa, da zagayowar muryar “Japan Jafananci” don murya da makada, da kirtani quartet. An yi nasarar yin "Bambance-bambance da Fugue akan Jigo na Mozart" a cikin Tarayyar Soviet.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969
