Sautin asali |
Babban sautin - rinjayen sauti a cikin rukunin da aka ba da sauti, ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan cibiyar. kashi na daidaitaccen tsarin sauti. Bambance tsakanin O.t. tazara, maƙarƙashiya, tonality (yanayin melodic tonic), gabaɗayan yanki, haka kuma O. t. sikelin halitta. O.t. yana wakiltar tallafi, abutment, wurin farawa.
O.t. tazara - babban sautinsa, yana ƙarƙashin wani sautin. A cewar P. Hindemith (1937), matsayi na dangi na sautunan haɗin bambance-bambance yana nuna mai zuwa O. t. a cikin tazara:
O.t. na maƙarƙashiya shine babban sautinsa, bisa ga Krom an ƙaddara ainihin sa da ma'anarsa a cikin ladotonality. A cewar JF Rameau (1722), Ot na na uku shine "cibiyar jituwa" (tsakiyar harmonique), wanda ke haɗa haɗin kai tsakanin sautunan sautin. Ya bambanta da ainihin sautin basse-ci gaba, Rameau ya gina wani - basse-fondamentale, wanda shine jerin O. t. kalmomi:
Bass na asali shine kimiyya ta farko. tabbatar da harmonics. tonality. A cikin ma'anar O.t. na nau'in facd a cikin C-dur, Rameau ya gabatar da ka'idar " aikace-aikace biyu "(sau biyu emploi): idan maƙarƙashiyar ta ƙara zuwa gghd, O.t. shine sautin d, idan a cikin c-gce, sannan f. The stepped theory of jituwa (GJ Fogler, 1800; G. Weber, 1817; PI Tchaikovsky, 1872; NA Rimsky-Korsakov, 1884-85; G. Schenker, 1906, da dai sauransu) absolutizes na uku ka'idar gina mawaƙa da kuma daukan chords. za O.t. ƙananan sautin ƙwanƙwasa ya rage zuwa babba. vidu - jerin kashi uku; akan kowane sautin ma'auni kamar osn. sautin, triads da maɗaukaki na bakwai (da kuma waɗanda ba maɗaukaki) an gina su. A cikin ka'idar aiki na X. Riemann, an bambanta tsakanin O. t. da prima na maƙarƙashiya (a cikin babbar murya, dukansu sun zo daidai, a cikin ƙarami ba sa; misali, a cikin ace O. t. – sauti a, amma prima – e). P. Hindemith ya gabatar da sabuwar ka'idar OT, wanda aka ƙaddara ta hanyar jituwa mafi ƙarfi kuma mafi ƙayyadaddun tazara don fahimta (misali, idan akwai kashi na biyar a cikin maƙarƙashiya, OT ɗinsa ya zama OT na dukan maƙallan; idan kashi biyar a'a, amma akwai kwata, aikin janar O.t yana yin ta ta O.t., da sauransu). Ka'idar O.t. Hindemith yana ba ku damar yin nazarin abubuwan da suka dace na zamani. kiɗa, wanda ba zai iya isa ga ka'idar da ta gabata ba don haka ba ma la'akari da maƙallan ƙira:
Aiwatar a cikin karni na 20. hanyoyin ma'anar O. na t. da gaske sun bambanta da juna. Alal misali, a cikin maƙarƙashiyar des-f-as-h (a cikin C-dur, duba misali): bisa ga tsarin matakan da aka fi sani da jituwa a makaranta O. t. - sautin h; bisa ga hanyar Hindemith - des (mafi bayyane ga kunne); bisa ga ka'idar aiki na Riemann - g (ko da yake ba ya nan a cikin ƙwanƙwasa, shi ne babban sauti na babban aiki.
O.t. tonality (yanayin) - babban sauti, mataki na farko na sikelin modal.
A cikin ma'auni na dabi'a - ƙananan sautin, ya bambanta da abubuwan da ke sama da shi (ainihin overtones).
References: Tchaikovsky PI, Jagora ga nazarin aiki na jituwa, M., 1872; Rimsky-Korsakov HA, Harmony Textbook, St. Petersburg, 1884-85; nasa, Littafi Mai Tsarki na jituwa, St. Petersburg, 1886 (daidai, Poln. sobr. soch., vol. IV, M., 1960); Hanya mai dacewa ta jituwa, sassa 1-2, M., 1934-35; Rameau J.-Ph., Traité de l'harmonie reduite a ses principes naturels, P., 1722; Weber G., Versuch einer geordneten Theorie der Tonsetzkunst, Bd 1-3, Mainz, 1817-1821; Riemann H.. daidaitawa a matsayin tushen koyaswar siffofin kiɗa, M. - Leipzig, 1893, 1901); Hindemith R., Unterweisung im Tonsatz, TI. 1887, Mainz, 1898.
Yu. H. Kholopov
