Kalanda na kiɗa - Mayu

May ta ba masu sha'awar kiɗan gargajiya da yawa manyan sunayen mawaƙa da masu yin wasan kwaikwayo waɗanda aikinsu ya kasance na ƙarni. Daga cikin su: P. Tchaikovsky, I. Brahms, A. Lyadov, V. Sofronitsky, R. Wagner. An gudanar da wasannin farko masu ban sha'awa da yawa a wannan watan, daga cikinsu akwai farkon wasan opera na W. Mozart Le nozze di Figaro da L. Beethoven's 9th symphony.

Mawaƙa waɗanda suka tura iyakokin lokacinsu

May 2, 1660 shekaru an haife shi a Palermo, Italiya Alessandro Scarlatti. Akwai isassun farare a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa. Amma abu daya da ba za a iya musantawa ba - wannan mawaki ya zama wanda ya kafa makarantar opera mafi girma a Neapolitan a karshen karni na 120. Girman abubuwan kirkire-kirkirensa yana da ban mamaki. Scarlatti shi kadai ya rubuta operas sama da 600. Kuma fiye da 200 cantatas, game da XNUMX talakawa, madrigals, oratorios, motets. Daga cikin daliban akwai ɗan mawaƙin Domenico Scarlatti, wanda ya shahara ga matasa ƴan pian saboda sonatinas; Francesco Durante, marubucin kiɗan coci, matashi Georg Friedrich Handel.

May 7, 1833 shekaru An haifi Johannes Brahms, Magajin R. Schumann a cikin soyayyar kidan Jamusanci. Yin aiki a cikin kwanakin sababbin nau'o'in wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo da kiɗa na shirye-shirye, mawallafin ya tabbatar da aikinsa na iyawar nau'i na gargajiya, wanda ya wadatar da halin fasaha na zamani. Kololuwar ayyukan Brahms sun kasance wakoki 4, suna nuna bangarori daban-daban na ra'ayinsa na duniya.

A wannan rana. May 7, 1840 shekaru babban mawaki, malami, jagora, malami a tarihin fasahar kiɗan duniya ya zo duniya - Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Ya ga aikinsa na fasaha a cikin tattaunawa ta gaskiya da gaskiya tare da masu sauraro game da matsalolin da suka shafe su. Ayyukan yau da kullun na yau da kullun akan ƙirƙirar kiɗa shine gabaɗayan ma'anar rayuwarsa.

Hanyar mawaƙin ba ta da sauƙi, iyayensa sun so su gan shi a matsayin lauya kuma an tilasta wa matashin ya yi biyayya ga nufinsu kuma ya sami ilimin da ya dace. Amma ransa ya yi marmarin yin kida, kuma Tchaikovsky ya bar hidimar saboda wani aiki a matsayin mawaki. Maestro mai kirkire-kirkire ne a fagen wasan ballet. Ya sanya waƙar ballet daidai da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun opera da fasahar wasan kwaikwayo, yana tabbatar da cewa ba za a iya amfani da shi kawai a cikin yanayi ba (raƙan rawa). Wasan rawa da wasan operas ɗinsa ba sa barin fagen wasan kwaikwayo na duniya.

May 11, 1855 shekaru An haifi wakilin matasa na Rasha mawaƙa - Anatoly Lyadov. Zuciyar aikinsa ita ce tatsuniyar Rasha. Ayyukansa suna da ƙayyadaddun kalmomi na tunani, ƙwararriyar siffar yanayi, da kuma haɗaɗɗen nau'ikan nau'ikan abubuwa. Babban abu a gare shi shi ne haɗuwa da ladabi na yau da kullum da haɗin kai. Daga cikin mafi kyawun ayyukansa sun hada da miniatures na kade-kade "Kikimora" da "Baba Yaga", wasan kwaikwayo na almara "About Antiquity", shirye-shiryen waƙoƙin jama'a. Lyadov kuma ya nuna kansa a matsayin malami mai basira. Dalibansa su ne B. Asafiev, S. Prokofiev, N. Myaskovsky.

May 15, 1567 shekaru An haifi mafi kyawun wakilin Renaissance, Claudio Monteverdi. Shi, kamar ba kowa a wancan lokacin, ya iya bayyana bala'in rayuwa a cikin opera, don bayyana zurfin halayen ɗan adam. Monteverdi ya ƙi ƙa'idodin da muhalli ya gindaya kuma ya yi imanin cewa kiɗa ya kamata ya bi ka'idodin zuciya, kuma kada ya shiga cikin tarurruka. Mafi shahararsa na mawaki ya kawo samar a 1607 a Mantua na opera "Orpheus".

May 22, 1813 shekaru babban mai gyara salon wasan opera ya zo duniya Richard wagner. Wasan operas ɗinsa na farko abin girmamawa ne ga al'ada. Abin da ya sa don sake tunani game da nau'in shine abubuwan da suka faru na juyin juya hali a Turai a tsakiyar karni na XNUMX. Wagner ya sake duba ra'ayinsa na fasaha kuma ya zayyana su a cikin ayyukan ka'idoji da yawa. Sun sami siffar kiɗa a cikin tetralogy "Ring of the Nibelung".

Jagora virtuosos

May 1, 1873 shekaru an haifi wakilin mai haske na makarantar pianistic na Rasha Konstantin Igumnov. Masu sauraro sun lura da halinsa na musamman ga piano da wasan kwaikwayo, kamar dai yana gudanar da tattaunawa da mai sauraro. Igumnov yana daya daga cikin masu yin wasan kwaikwayon da ba su bi tasirin waje ba, amma ya sanya piano raira waƙa.

A matsayin malami, Igumnov ya kasance mai tsanani tare da dalibansa. Ya koya musu gaskiyar fasaha, dabi'ar kisa, tattalin arziki da daidaito a cikin hanyoyin da ake amfani da su. Duk a cikin wasansa da kuma cikin wasan kwaikwayo na ɗalibansa, ya sami laushi, jin daɗin sauti, jimlar filastik.

May 8, 1901 shekaru Petersburg, an haifi wani fitaccen dan wasan pianist - Vladimir Sofronitsky. Wannan mai wasan kwaikwayo na musamman ne, ba za a iya kwatanta shi da kowane abokin aikinsa ba. An kwatanta fassararsa na pianistic da zane-zane na Vrubel, wakoki na Blok, da littattafan Green. Masu sukar sun lura cewa aikin Sofronitsky shine "music hypnosis", ikirari na gaske na mai zane.

Vladimir Sofronitsky - cikakken Pitch

Mawaƙin pian yana ƙaunar ƙananan ɗakunan ɗakin, "masu sauraro". Bai yarda da stereotyped, aikin da ba a so. Sofronitsky yayi nazarin shirye-shiryensa a hankali, na dogon lokaci. Ko da a cikin maimaita abubuwan ƙira, ya sami nasarar cimma wani sauti daban.

Barkiya

Mayu 1, 1786 a Vienna "Burgtheater" shine farkon abin ƙauna ta miliyoyin magoya bayan wasan opera, mallakar W. Mozart, "Aure na Figaro". Wannan aikin ya kafa wani nau'i na rikodin: shi ne aikin da ya fi dadewa wanda ke ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin tarihin duk manyan gidajen opera a duniya.

A ranar 7 ga Mayu, 1824, a Vienna, a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ƙofar Carinthian, an gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo na 9th na L. Beethoven. Duk da cewa akwai 'yan maimaitawa, kuma ba a koyo da ƙima ba, wasan kwaikwayon ya ba da haske. Kuma ko da yake shi kansa Beethoven bai iya gudanar da aiki ba saboda cikakkiyar rashin jinsa, amma ya tsaya a kusurwar dandalin ya nuna wa mawaƙin I. Umlauf yanayin kowane motsi. Domin mawaƙin ya ga abin da ya faranta wa masu sauraro, ’yan kallo sun jefa gyale da huluna, mutane da yawa sun yi kuka. Shishigin 'yan sanda ne kawai zai iya kwantar da hankalin jama'a. Daga yawan motsin rai, Beethoven ya rasa hayyacinsa.

L. Beethoven - Symphony No. 9 - har yanzu daga fim din "Sake rubuta Beethoven"

Mawallafi - Victoria Denisova