Theremin: menene, yaya kayan aiki ke aiki, wanda ya ƙirƙira shi, nau'ikan, sauti, tarihi

Ana kiran Theremin kayan kiɗan sufi. Lallai mai wasan kwaikwayo yana tsaye a gaban ɗan ƙaramin abu, yana karkaɗa hannuwansa a hankali kamar mai sihiri, kuma wani sabon waƙa, wanda aka zana, waƙar allahntaka ya isa ga masu sauraro. Don sautinsa na musamman, ana kiran themin ɗin “kayan aikin wata”, ana amfani da shi sau da yawa don rakiyar kiɗan fina-finai akan batutuwan sararin samaniya da almara na kimiyya.

Menene theremin

Ba za a iya kiran abin da ake kira percussion, kirtani ko kayan aikin iska ba. Don cire sauti, mai yin ba ya buƙatar taɓa na'urar.

Theremin wani kayan aiki ne mai ƙarfi ta hanyarsa ana canza motsin yatsun ɗan adam a kusa da eriya ta musamman zuwa girgizar igiyoyin sauti.

Kayan kida yana ba ku damar:

• yi karin waƙa na gargajiya, jazz, nau'in pop daban-daban kuma a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar mawaƙa;
• haifar da tasirin sauti (tsintsin tsuntsaye, numfashin iska da sauransu);
• don yin wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa da sauti don fina-finai, wasan kwaikwayo, wasan kwaikwayo na circus.

Ka'idojin aiki

Ka'idar aiki na kayan kida ta dogara ne akan fahimtar cewa sautunan girgizar iska ne, kwatankwacin wanda ke samar da filin lantarki, yana haifar da wayoyi masu amfani da wutar lantarki. Abubuwan ciki na na'urar sune nau'i-nau'i na janareta waɗanda ke haifar da oscillations. Bambancin mitar tsakanin su shine mitar sauti. Lokacin da mai yin wasan kwaikwayo ya kawo yatsunsu kusa da eriya, ƙarfin filin da ke kewaye da shi yana canzawa, yana haifar da babban bayanin kula.

Theremin ya ƙunshi antennas guda biyu:

• firam, wanda aka tsara don daidaita ƙarar (wanda aka gudanar tare da tafin hannun hagu);
• sanda don canza maɓallin (dama).

Mai wasan kwaikwayo, yana kawo yatsunsa kusa da eriyar madauki, yana ƙara sautin ƙara. Matsa yatsu kusa da eriyar sanda yana ƙara farar.

Daban-daban theremin

An ƙirƙiri nau'ikan theremin iri-iri daban-daban. Ana samar da na'urori a jeri da ɗaiɗaiku.

classic

Na farko ɓullo da theremin, aikin da aka samar ta hanyar sabani motsi na hannaye biyu a cikin electromagnetic filin kewaye da eriya. Mawaƙin yana aiki yayin da yake tsaye.

Akwai samfuran gargajiya da yawa waɗanda aka ƙirƙira a farkon yaduwar kayan aikin:

• kwafin mawaƙin Amurka Clara Rockmore;
• mai wasan kwaikwayo Lucy Rosen, wanda ake kira "manzon the theremin";
• Natalia Lvovna Theremin - 'yar mahaliccin na'urar kiɗa;
• 2 kwafin kayan tarihi da aka adana a cikin Polytechnic da Cibiyar Tarihi ta Al'adun Kiɗa na Moscow.

Misalai na gargajiya sun fi kowa. Samfurin da aka siyar da shi ya fito ne daga masana'antar Amurka Moog, wanda ya fara siyar da kayan aiki na musamman tun 1954.

Kowalski tsarin

Mawaƙin Konstantin Ioilevich Kovalsky ya ƙirƙira sigar feda na themin. Yayin kunna kayan aiki, mai yin wasan yana sarrafa farar da tafin hannun dama. Hannun hagu, ta hanyar toshe tare da maɓallan magudi, yana sarrafa mahimman halayen sautin da aka fitar. Fedals don canza ƙarar. Mawaƙin yana aiki a wurin zama.

Sigar takalmi na Kowalski ba kowa bane. Amma ana amfani da daliban Kovalsky - Lev Korolev da Zoya Dugina-Ranevskaya, waɗanda suka shirya darussan Moscow a kan abubuwan. Dunina-Ranevskaya ɗalibin Olga Milanich, shi ne kawai ƙwararrun mawaƙin da ke taka leda.

Inventor Lev Dmitrievich Korolev yayi gwaji na dogon lokaci akan ƙirar themin. A sakamakon haka, an halicci tershumfon - wani nau'i na kayan aiki, wanda aka tsara don samar da ƙarar ƙararrawa, wanda ke da alamar sauti mai haske.

Matremin

An ba da wani bakon suna ga kayan kida da Masami Takeuchi na Japan ya ƙirƙira a shekarar 1999. Jafanawa kamar ƴan tsana ne, don haka mai ƙirƙira ya ɓoye janareta a cikin abin wasan yara na Rasha. Ana daidaita ƙarar na'urar ta atomatik, ana sarrafa mitar sauti ta hanyar canza matsayi na dabino. Daliban ƙwararrun Jafananci suna shirya manyan shagali tare da mahalarta sama da 200.

Virtual

Ƙirƙirar zamani ita ce shirin themin don kwamfutoci da wayoyin hannu. Ana nuna tsarin daidaitawa akan na'urar, axis ɗaya yana nuna mitar sauti, na biyu - ƙarar.

Mai yin wasan yana taɓa mai duba a wasu wuraren daidaitawa. Shirin, sarrafa bayanan, yana juya wuraren da aka zaɓa zuwa sauti da girma, kuma ana samun sautin da ake so. Lokacin da ka matsar da yatsanka a kan na'urar duba a cikin madaidaiciyar hanya, farar yana canzawa, a tsaye, ƙarar.

Tarihin halitta

Wanda ya kirkiro themin - Lev Sergeevich Termen - mawaƙa, masanin kimiyya, wanda ya kafa kayan lantarki, ainihin hali, kewaye da jita-jita da yawa. Ana zarginsa da leken asiri, sun tabbatar da cewa kayan kidan da aka kirkira na da matukar ban mamaki da ban mamaki har mawallafin da kansa ya ji tsoron kunna ta.

Lev Theremin na cikin dangi mai daraja, an haife shi a St. A lokacin yakin duniya na farko, Lev Sergeevich yayi aiki a matsayin injiniyan sadarwa. A lokacin yakin bayan yakin, ya dauki ilimin kimiyya, yana nazarin kayan lantarki na gas. Sa'an nan kuma tarihin kayan kida ya fara, wanda ya karbi sunansa daga sunan mahalicci da kalmar "vox" - murya.

Ƙirƙirar ta ga haske a shekara ta 1919. A shekara ta 1921, masanin kimiyya ya gabatar da kayan aikin ga jama'a, wanda ya haifar da farin ciki da mamaki. Lev Sergeevich an gayyace shi zuwa Lenin, wanda nan da nan ya ba da umarnin cewa a aika da masanin kimiyya a yawon shakatawa na kasar tare da fasahar kiɗa. Lenin, wanda a wancan lokacin ya shagaltu da makamashin lantarki, ya ga wani kayan aiki na yada ra'ayin siyasa a cikin wannan labarin.

A ƙarshen 1920s, Theremin ya tafi Yammacin Turai, sannan ya tafi Amurka, yayin da yake zama ɗan ƙasar Soviet. Akwai jita-jita cewa a karkashin sunan masanin kimiyya da makadi an tura shi aikin leken asiri, don gano ci gaban kimiyya.

Kayan kiɗan da ba a saba gani ba a ƙasashen waje ya haifar da jin daɗi ba kasa da na gida ba. Parisians sun sayar da tikitin zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo 'yan watanni kafin jawabin masanin kimiyya-mawaki. A cikin 1930s, Theremin ya kafa kamfanin Teletouch a Amurka don kera themins.

Da farko, kasuwancin yana tafiya da kyau, amma ba da daɗewa ba ribar siyan ta bushe. Sai ya juya daga cewa don samun nasarar kunna theremin, kana bukatar wani manufa kunne ga music, ko da kwararrun mawaƙa ba ko da yaushe jimre da kayan aiki. Don kada a yi fatara, kamfanin ya ɗauki samar da ƙararrawa.

Amfani

Shekaru da yawa, an manta da kayan aikin. Ko da yake damar yin wasa a kai na musamman ne.

Wasu mawaƙa suna ƙoƙarin dawo da sha'awar na'urar kiɗan. Babban jikan Lev Sergeevich Termen ya kafa a Moscow da St. Petersburg kawai makaranta na wasa themin a cikin kasashen CIS. Wata makaranta, wadda Masami Takeuchi da aka ambata a baya ke gudanarwa, tana Japan.

Ana iya jin sautin themin a cikin fina-finai. A karshen karni na 20, an saki fim din "Man on the Moon", wanda ke magana game da dan sama jannati Neil Armstrong. A cikin rakiyar kiɗan, theremin ana jinsa a fili, yana isar da yanayin tarihin sararin samaniya a sarari.

A yau, kayan kida suna fuskantar farfadowa. Suna tunawa game da shi, kokarin yin amfani da shi a cikin kide-kide na jazz, a cikin kade-kade na gargajiya, suna haɗa shi da kiɗan lantarki da na kabilanci. Ya zuwa yanzu, mutane 15 ne kawai a duniya ke buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta hanyar fasaha, kuma wasu ƴan wasan kwaikwayo na koyar da kansu kuma ba su da ilimin kiɗa.

The theremin wani matashi ne, kayan aiki mai ban sha'awa tare da sauti na musamman, mai sihiri. Duk wanda yake so, tare da ƙoƙari, yana iya koyon yadda ake wasa da shi da kyau. Ga kowane mai yin wasan kwaikwayo, kayan aikin yana sauti na asali, yana nuna yanayi da hali. Ana sa ran guguwar sha'awa ga na'ura ta musamman.