Kalanda na kiɗa - Afrilu

Afrilu faranta mana rai da haihuwar irin wannan haske composers kamar Sergei Rachmaninov, Edison Denisov, Alexander Alexandrov, Sergei Prokofiev, kazalika da mashahuran mawaƙa kamar Montserrat Caballe.

Abubuwan da suke yi har yau

Afrilu 1, 1873 An haife shi a lardin Novgorod Sergey Rachmaninov, wanda daga baya ya zama ƙwararren ƙwararren pianist da mawaki. Da alama yanayin da kanta ya taimaka masa ya zama ɗan wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa: yatsun mawaƙin suna da tsayi sosai don haka cikin nutsuwa sun rufe nesa na maɓallan fararen 12. Duk da cewa Rachmaninoff shafe shekaru da yawa a Turai da kuma Amurka, ya ko da yaushe dauke kansa Rasha. Dukkan ayyukansa sun cika da hotuna na ƙasar Mahaifiyarsa mai ƙauna, bajinta mai ƙarfi, faɗuwar filayen, da hargitsi na launuka. Concerto na Piano na 2 ya zama alama ta sabon zamani, tare da fashewar kuzarinsa da canjin yanayi.

Afrilu 6, 1929 – ranar haihuwa Edison Denisov – mawaƙin da ya yi imani cewa kiɗa da lissafi suna da alaƙa da juna. Ya samu biyu iyakacin duniya gaba da sakandare ilimi: ya sauke karatu daga Faculty of Physics da lissafi na Tomsk University da Moscow Conservatory. Mawaƙin ya ƙi amincewa da duk wani yanayi na yau da kullun, na gaye ko gwajin lokaci a cikin kiɗa. Ya yi imanin cewa a cikin fasaha ya zama dole don ƙirƙirar sabon kyakkyawa, saboda ba za a iya maimaita al'adun gargajiya ba.

Denisov kullum yana yin gwaji, kuma a sakamakon haka ya haifar da irin waɗannan ƙwararrun kamar Symphony na babban mawaƙa, ballet "Confession", "Requiem".

Afrilu 13, 1883 ya shigo duniya Alexander Alexandrov, mutumin da daga baya ya kirkiri gungun waka da raye-raye na kungiyar agaji ta Red Army, wadanda suka yi suna a duniya. Yanayin ya ba wa mawaƙa da kyakkyawar murya. Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa shi ne marubucin shirye-shirye fiye da 70 na waƙoƙin jama'a kuma ya kirkiro waƙoƙin marubuci 81. Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan mawaƙa shine waƙar "Yakin Mai Tsarki", kuma, a Bugu da kari, ana yin waƙar waƙarsa na zamani na ƙasar Rasha.

Alexandrov, tare da ƙungiyarsa ta Red Banner, ya yi babban aiki na hidima ga rundunonin soja na USSR, a lokacin zaman lafiya da lokacin yakin. Bai manta game da ilimin kwalliya ba, ya ba da shawarar samar da taruka a kungiyoyin aiki, kulake, kuma ya ba da taimako mai amfani.

Afrilu 20, 1881 An haifi Nikolai Myaskovski - mafi tsufa wakilin Rasha mawaki makaranta na XX karni. Mai suka Boris Asafiev ya rubuta cewa a cikin aikin wannan mawaki, mafi haske fiye da sauran, "akwai zare daga ainihin Rashanci, ta hanyar rashin jin daɗi, zuwa hangen nesa na gaba." Babban nau'i a cikin aikin Myaskovsky shine wasan kwaikwayo. Ana kiran wannan nau'in "ruhaniya ta ruhaniya". Ya ƙunshi tunani game da halin yanzu da kuma shekaru masu wahala na barnar bayan yaƙi, ɗaukar rahotannin abubuwan da suka faru na mummunan 1930s, wahalhalun Babban Yaƙin Kishin Ƙasa. Abubuwan jin daɗinsa na dindindin ne, bincike mai raɗaɗi don manufa.

Afrilu 23, 1857 An haifi Ruggiero Leoncavallo - marubucin shahararren opera "Pagliacci". Jikan wani sanannen mai fasaha na Neapolitan, ya kuma haɗa rayuwarsa da fasaha. A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, an fi saninsa da ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ’yan Adam (Piano) ne a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, kuma a lokacin da ya balaga, sai ya nuna wa duniya basirarsa a matsayin mawaki. Duk da nasarar samar da Rural Honor, farkon wasan opera Pagliacci ne ya kawo wa mawakin nasara. An kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa ta hanyar cewa Enrique Caruso ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ciki, kuma Arturo Toscanini ya jagoranci ƙungiyar makaɗa. Abin baƙin cikin shine, Leoncavallo ba zai iya wuce nasarar "Pagliacci" ba kuma ya kasance a cikin mawaƙa - marubutan daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan.

A wannan rana, amma ku huta bayan rabin karni. Afrilu 23, 1891, a cikin ƙauyen Sontsovka, an haifi yaro, wanda, ta hanyar wani abu mai ban mamaki, an kira shi yaron "rana" saboda halinsa mai farin ciki - Sergey Prokofiev. Ya fara karatun kiɗa da tsarawa da wuri. Mahaifiyarsa ta rubuta duk abubuwan da ya yi a hankali, don haka tun yana ɗan shekara 10 matashin mawakin ya riga ya sami kyawawan abubuwan kirkira, gami da operas 2.

Lokacin da yake da shekaru 13, Prokofiev ya shiga cikin Conservatory na St. Ana iya son ayyukansa ko a'a, ana yabe su ko suka, amma ba su bar wani daga cikin masu sauraro ba.

SS Prokofiev - Maris daga opera "Love for Three Lemu"

An san wani abu mai ban sha'awa game da wasan opera "Ƙauna ga Lemu Uku". Ta yi wahayi zuwa ga ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu shuka shuka har ya ba Prokofiev haɗin kai mai fa'ida kawai don samun damar sanya taken a cikin tallan nasa wanda lemunsa ya zaburar da babban maestro don rubuta manyan zane-zane. Baitulmalin litattafan duniya ya haɗa da tatsuniyar tatsuniyar yara ta “Peter da Wolf”, ballet “Romeo da Juliet”, “Classical” na farko da Symphony na bakwai.

Muryar ta na wasa akan zaren masu saurare

Afrilu 12, 1933 a cikin wani matalauci iyali da aka haifa a Spain Montserrat Caballe. Kubuta daga talauci godiya ga basirarta da juriya mai ban mamaki, mawaƙin ya zama babban mai fasaha na karni na XNUMX mai fita.

Wataƙila duniya ba za ta gane wannan sunan ba, amma rabo ya gabatar da prima donna na gaba tare da kyauta. Saboda tsananin rashin lafiya da mahaifinta ke fama da ita, yarinyar ta samu aikin dinki a masana'anta. A can ne ma'abotanta, ma'aurata Beltran Mata suka ji waƙarta da gangan. Su ne suka gano ƙwararren matashin a Liceo Conservatory a Barcelona, ​​​​inda gwaninta ya bunƙasa.

V. Bellini "Casta Diva" daga opera "Norma" - Mutanen Espanya. M. Caballero

Ta yi kusan dukkanin ɓangarori na opera masu ban tausayi, gami da Violetta, Tosca, Salome, Madame Butterfly. Amma ko ta yaya jaruman suka mutu, daga wuƙa ko guba, wanda Caballe ya yi, arias ɗinsu na mutuwa ya yi kama da alkawarin wani, rayuwa ta sama, haɗin kai da Allah.

Abubuwa masu ban sha'awa

A ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1860, wani abu mai ban sha'awa ga masu son kiɗa ya faru: wanda ya ƙirƙira daga Faransa, Edward Leon Scott de Martinville, tun kafin gano phonograph na Thomas Edison, ya fara rikodin sauti a kan takarda da aka yi masa ta musamman. hanya. Masanin kimiyya da kansa bai ba da mahimmanci ga wannan gaskiyar ba, gwajin nasa yana da wata manufa ta daban. Kuma kawai a cikin 2008, masana kimiyya daga Lawrence National Laboratory (Amurka), ta yin amfani da fasahar gani na zamani, sun sake buga sautunan da aka rubuta a takardun takarda da aka adana a cikin tarihin.

SV Rachmaninov - "Ka yabi Ubangiji, ya raina ..."

Mawallafi - Victoria Denisova