Mikhail Ivanovich Chulaki |

Mikhail Chulaki

MI Chulaki aka haife shi a Simferopol, a cikin iyali na ma'aikaci. Ra'ayinsa na kiɗa na farko yana da alaƙa da garinsa na asali. Kaɗe-kaɗe na gargajiya sau da yawa ana busa su a nan ƙarƙashin sandar mashahuran madugu - L. Steinberg, N. Malko. Mafi yawan mawaƙa masu yin kida sun zo nan - E. Petri, N. Milshtein, S. Kozolupov da sauransu.

Chulaki ya sami ilimin firamare na ƙwararru a Kwalejin Kiɗa na Simferopol. Jagoran farko na Chulaki a cikin abun da ke ciki shine II Chernov, dalibin NA Rimsky-Korsakov. Wannan haɗin kai kai tsaye tare da al'adun New Rasha Musical School ya bayyana a cikin kade-kade na farko na ƙungiyar makaɗa, wanda aka rubuta a ƙarƙashin rinjayar kiɗan Rimsky-Korsakov. A Leningrad Conservatory, inda Chulaki ya shiga a shekarar 1926, da abun da ke ciki malami ne na farko kuma dalibi na Rimsky-Korsakov, MM Chernov, kuma sai kawai sanannen Soviet mawaki VV Shcherbachev. Difloma ayyukan matasa mawaki ne na farko Symphony (na farko yi a Kislovodsk), music wanda, bisa ga marubucin kansa, da aka muhimmanci rinjayi hotuna na symphonic ayyukan AP Borodin, da kuma suite na biyu pianos " May Pictures", daga baya akai-akai yi da sanannen Soviet pianists da kuma riga bayyana a hanyoyi da yawa da mutuntakar marubucin.

Bayan kammala karatunsa a makarantar Conservatory, sha'awar mawakin ya fi karkata ne ga nau'in, wanda ake sa ran zai yi nasara. Tuni ballet na farko na Chulaki, The Tale of the Priest and His Worker Balda (bayan A. Pushkin, 1939), jama'a sun lura da shi, yana da babban jarida, kuma Leningrad Maly Opera Theater (MALEGOT) ya nuna a Moscow. shekaru goma na Leningrad art. Chulaki ta biyu m ballets - "The Imaginary ango" (bayan C. Goldoni, 1946) da kuma "Youth" (bayan N. Ostrovsky, 1949), kuma a karon farko da MALEGOT, aka bayar da USSR Prizes (a 1949 da kuma 1950).

Duniyar wasan kwaikwayo ta kuma bar tarihi a cikin ayyukan jin kai na Chulaki. Wannan shi ne musamman a fili a cikin Symphony na biyu, sadaukar da nasarar da Soviet mutane a cikin Great Patriotic War (1946, Jihar Prize na USSR - 1947), da kuma a cikin symphonic sake zagayowar "Songs da Dances na Old Faransa". inda marubucin ya yi tunani ta hanyoyi da yawa ta hanyar wasan kwaikwayo, ƙirƙirar hotuna masu launi, a bayyane. Symphony ta Uku (Symphony-concert, 1959) da aka rubuta a cikin wannan jijiya, kazalika da concert yanki na gungu na violinists na Bolshoi Theater - "Rasha Holiday", wani haske aiki na virtuoso hali, wanda nan da nan ya sami fadi da yawa. shahararsa, an yi ta akai-akai akan matakan kide-kide da kuma a rediyo, an yi rikodi akan rikodin gramophone.

Daga cikin ayyukan mawaƙa a cikin wasu nau'ikan, da farko ya kamata a ambaci cantata "A kan bankunan Volkhov", wanda aka kirkira a 1944, yayin zaman Chulaka a gaban Volkhov. Wannan aikin ya kasance muhimmiyar gudummawa ga kiɗan Soviet, yana nuna shekarun yaƙi na jaruntaka.

A fagen muryoyin murya da kide-kide, mafi mahimmancin aikin Chulaka shine zagayowar mawaƙa cappella "Lenin tare da mu" zuwa ayoyin M. Lisyansky, wanda aka rubuta a cikin 1960. Daga baya, a cikin 60-70s, mawallafin ya halitta. yawan waƙoƙin murya, daga cikinsu akwai zagayowar murya da piano “Yawaita” zuwa ayoyin W. Whitman da “The Years Fly” zuwa ayoyin Vs. Grekov.

Ƙimar sha'awar mai yin waƙa a cikin nau'in kiɗa da wasan kwaikwayo ya haifar da bayyanar ballet "Ivan the Terrible" bisa ga kiɗa na SS Prokofiev don fim din wannan sunan. Abun da ke ciki da kuma sigar kiɗan na ballet Chulaki ne ya yi ta hanyar gidan wasan kwaikwayon Bolshoi na Tarayyar Soviet, inda a cikin 1975 aka shirya shi, wanda ya wadatar da tarihin wasan kwaikwayon kuma ya sami nasara tare da masu sauraron Soviet da na waje.

Tare da kerawa, Chulaki ya mai da hankali sosai ga ayyukan koyarwa. Shekaru hamsin ya ba da iliminsa da kwarewa ga matasa masu kida: a 1933 ya fara koyarwa a Leningrad Conservatory (azuzuwan abun da ke ciki da kayan aiki), tun 1948 sunansa yana cikin malamai a Moscow Conservatory. Tun daga 1962 ya kasance farfesa a ɗakin karatu. Dalibansa a shekaru daban-daban sune A. Abbasov, V. Akhmedov, N. Shakhmatov, K. Katsman, E. Krylatov, A. Nemtin, M. Reuterstein, T. Vasilyev, A. Samonov, M. Bobylev, T. Kazhgaliev, S. Zhukov, V. Belyaev da sauransu.

A cikin ajin Chulaka, a koyaushe akwai yanayi na fatan alheri da gaskiya. Malamin a hankali ya bi da ƙwararrun ɗaliban nasa, yana ƙoƙarin haɓaka iyawarsu ta yanayi a cikin haɗin kai tare da haɓaka arziƙin arsenal na dabarun ƙira na zamani. Sakamakon shekaru da yawa na aikin koyarwa a fagen kayan aiki shine littafin "Kayan aikin Orchestra na Symphony" (1950) - littafin da ya fi shahara, wanda ya riga ya wuce bugu hudu.

Wani babban abin sha'awa ga mai karatu na zamani shine labarin tarihin Chulaki, wanda aka buga a lokuta daban-daban a cikin kididdigar lokaci-lokaci da kuma cikin tarin abubuwan tarihi na musamman, game da Yu. F. Fayer, A. Sh. Melik-Pashayev, B. Britten, LBEG Gilels, MV Yudina, II Dzerzhinsky, VV Shcherbachev da sauran fitattun mawakan.

Halin rayuwa na Mikhail Ivanovich yana da alaƙa da alaƙa da ayyukan kiɗa da zamantakewa. Ya kasance darektan kuma darektan fasaha na Leningrad State Philharmonic Society (1937-1939), a 1948 ya zama shugaban Leningrad Union of Composers kuma a cikin wannan shekara a farkon All-Union Congress aka zabe shi sakatare na Union of. Soviet Composers na USSR; a 1951 an nada shi mataimakin shugaban kwamitin Arts karkashin majalisar ministocin Tarayyar Soviet; a 1955 - darektan Bolshoi Theatre na Tarayyar Soviet; daga 1959 zuwa 1963 Chulaki shine sakataren kungiyar mawakan RSFSR. A shekara ta 1963, ya sake jagorantar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bolshoi, a wannan lokacin a matsayin darekta da darektan fasaha.

Domin duk lokacin da ya jagoranci, da yawa ayyukan Soviet da kuma kasashen waje art aka shirya a kan mataki na wannan wasan kwaikwayo a karo na farko, ciki har da operas: "Uwar" TN Khrennikov, "Nikita Vershinin" Dm. B. Kabalevsky, "Yaki da Aminci" da "Semyon Kotko" na SS Prokofiev, "Oktoba" na VI Muradeli, "Tsarin Bala'i" na AN Kholminov, "The Taming of the Shrew" na V. Ya. Shebalin, “Jenufa” na L. Janachka, “Mafarkin Dare A Tsakar Summer” na B. Britten; wasan opera-ballet The Snow Sarauniya na MR Rauchverger; ballets: "Leyli da Mejnun" na SA Balasanyan, "Stone Flower" na Prokofiev, "Icarus" na SS Slonimsky, "The Legend of Love" na AD Melikov, "Spartacus" na AI Khachaturian, "Carmen suite" na RK Shchedrin, "Assel" na VA Vlasov, "Shurale" na FZ Yarullin.

An zabi MI Chulaki a matsayin mataimakin koli na Tarayyar Soviet na RSFSR VI da VII convocations, ya kasance wakili ga XXIV Congress na CPSU. Domin ya cancanta a cikin ci gaban Soviet m art, ya aka bayar da lakabi na People's Artist na RSFSR da kuma bayar da lambobin yabo - Order of Red Banner of Labor, da Order of Friendship of People da Badge of Honor.

Mikhail Ivanovich Chulaki ya mutu a ranar 29 ga Janairu, 1989 a Moscow.

L. Sidelnikov