Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis |

Mikalojus Čiurlionis

Kaka Lambun tsirara. Bishiyoyi tsirara sun yi tsalle suna rufe hanyoyi da ganye, kuma sararin sama launin toka-toka, kuma kamar baƙin ciki kamar yadda kawai rai zai iya yin baƙin ciki. MK Ciurlionis

Rayuwar MK Chiurlionis gajere ce, amma mai haske da ban mamaki. Ya halitta ca. 300 zane-zane, ca. Guda 350 na kiɗa, galibi piano miniatures (240). Yana da ayyuka da yawa don ƙungiyoyin ɗaki, don ƙungiyar mawaƙa, sashin jiki, amma mafi yawan Čiurlionis yana son ƙungiyar makaɗa, kodayake ya rubuta ƙaramin kiɗan orchestral: 2 waƙoƙin waƙa "A cikin daji" (1900), "Sea" (1907), overture " Kėstutis” ( 1902) (Kyastutis, yarima na ƙarshe na Lithuania kafin Kiristanci, wanda ya shahara a yaƙi da ‘yan Salibiyya, ya mutu a shekara ta 1382). An adana zane-zane na "Lithuanian Pastoral Symphony", zane-zane na waƙar waƙar "Ƙirƙirar Duniya". (A halin yanzu, kusan dukkanin gadon Čiurlionis - zane-zane, zane-zane, zane-zane na ayyukan kiɗa - ana ajiye su a gidan kayan gargajiya na Kaunas.) Čiurlionis ya rayu a cikin duniyar fantasy mai ban mamaki, wanda, a cikin kalmominsa, "hankali kawai zai iya fada." Yana son zama shi kaɗai tare da yanayi: don ganin faɗuwar rana, don yawo cikin daji da dare, don tafiya zuwa ga hadari. Sauraron kiɗan yanayi, a cikin ayyukansa ya nemi ya isar da kyawunta na har abada da jituwa. Hotunan ayyukansa suna da sharadi, mabuɗin su shine a cikin alamar tatsuniyoyi na jama'a, a cikin wannan haɗin kai na musamman na fantasy da gaskiya, wanda shine halayyar tunanin mutane. Čiurlionis ya rubuta cewa fasahar jama'a "ya kamata ta zama tushen fasahar mu. Waƙar Lithuania tana hutawa a cikin waƙoƙin jama'a… Waɗannan waƙoƙin kamar tubalan marmara ne masu daraja kuma suna jiran haziƙi ne kawai wanda zai iya ƙirƙirar abubuwan halitta marasa mutuwa daga gare su. Waƙoƙin gargajiya na Lithuania, tatsuniyoyi da tatsuniyoyi ne suka kawo mai zane a cikin Čiurlionis. Tun daga ƙuruciya, sun shiga cikin hankalinsa, sun zama barbashi na rai, sun dauki wuri kusa da kiɗa na JS Bach, P. Tchaikovsky.

Malamin kiɗa na Čiurlionis na farko shi ne mahaifinsa, mai tsara halitta. A cikin 1889-93. Čiurlionis yayi karatu a makarantar orchestral na M. Oginsky (jikan mawaƙin MK Oginsky) a Plungė; a 1894-99 yayi karatu abun da ke ciki a Warsaw Musical Institute karkashin 3. Moscow; kuma a cikin 1901-02 ya inganta a Leipzig Conservatory karkashin K. Reinecke. Mutum mai sha'awa daban-daban. Čiurlionis ya shagaltu da sha'awar kida, ya yi nazarin tarihin fasaha, ilimin halin dan Adam, falsafa, ilmin taurari, kimiyyar lissafi, lissafi, ilimin kasa, ilmin burbushin halittu, da sauransu. na ɓangarorin duniya da waƙoƙi.

Bayan kammala karatunsa daga ɗakin karatu, Čiurlionis ya zauna a Warsaw shekaru da yawa (1902-06), kuma a nan ya fara zane-zane, wanda ya fi burge shi. Tun daga yanzu, sha'awar kiɗa da fasaha suna haɗuwa akai-akai, yana ƙayyade fa'ida da haɓakar ayyukansa na ilimi a Warsaw, kuma tun 1907 a Vilnius, Čiurlionis ya zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar Lithuania Art Society da sashin kiɗan da ke ƙarƙashinsa, ya jagoranci Kankles. ƙungiyar mawaƙa, shirya nune-nunen zane-zane na Lithuania, gasa na kiɗa, tsunduma cikin wallafe-wallafen kiɗa, daidaita kalmomin kida na Lithuania, sun shiga cikin aikin hukumar tatsuniyoyi, gudanar da ayyukan kide-kide a matsayin madugun mawaƙa da pianist. Kuma ra'ayoyi nawa ne suka kasa aiwatarwa! Ya ƙaunaci tunani game da makarantar kiɗa na Lithuania da ɗakin karatu na kiɗa, game da fadar ƙasa a Vilnius. Har ila yau, ya yi mafarkin tafiya zuwa kasashe masu nisa, amma burinsa ya zama gaskiya ne kawai: a cikin 1905 Čiurlionis ya ziyarci Caucasus, a 1906 ya ziyarci Prague, Vienna, Dresden, Nuremberg, da Munich. A cikin 1908-09. Čiurlionis ya zauna a St. Petersburg, inda, tun 1906, ya zane-zane da aka akai-akai baje kolin a nune-nunen, tada sha'awar A. Scriabin da masu fasaha na Duniya na Art. Sha'awar ta kasance tare. Alamar soyayya ta Čiurlionis, al'adun duniya na abubuwan - teku, rana, dalilan hawa zuwa kololuwar haske a bayan tsuntsun farin ciki da ke tashi - duk wannan yana nuna hotunan-alamomin A. Scriabin, L. Andreev, M. Gorky, A. Toshe Har ila yau, an haɗa su tare da sha'awar haɗin fasahar fasaha, halayyar zamanin. A cikin aikin Čiurlionis, mawallafin waƙa, zane-zane da kiɗa na ra'ayin yakan bayyana a lokaci guda. Saboda haka, a 1907, ya kammala symphonic waka "The Sea", da kuma bayan shi ya rubuta da piano sake zagayowar "The Sea" da kuma m triptych "Sonata na Sea" (1908). Tare da piano sonatas da fugues, akwai zane-zane "Sonata na Taurari", "Sonata na bazara", "Sonata na Rana", "Fugue"; sake zagayowar shayari "Autumn Sonata". Abubuwan da suka haɗa da su shine ainihin hotuna, a cikin ma'anar launi, a cikin sha'awar shigar da kullun da ake maimaitawa da kuma canzawa ta yanayi - babban sararin samaniya wanda hasashe da tunanin mai zane ya haifar: "... fuka-fuki suna buɗewa, yayin da da'irar za ta zagaya, da sauƙi zai zama, farin ciki zai zama mutum… "(M. K. Ciurlionis). Rayuwar Čiurlionis ta kasance gajeru sosai. Ya mutu a farkon ikonsa na kirkire-kirkire, a bakin kololuwar sanin duniya da daukaka, a jajibirin manyan nasarorin da ya samu, ba tare da samun lokacin cim ma da yawa daga cikin abubuwan da ya tsara ba. Kamar meteor, kyautar fasaharsa ta fashe ya fita, ya bar mana wata fasaha ta musamman, wadda ba za ta iya jurewa ba, wadda aka haife ta daga tunanin wata halitta ta asali; fasahar da Romain Rolland ya kira "sabuwar nahiyar gaba daya".

O. Averyanova