Kabari, kabari |

Italiyanci, haske. - mai wuya, mai tsanani, mai mahimmanci

1) Kida. Kalmar da ta bayyana a cikin karni na 17 Ya nuna gwagwarmayar zuwa ga asali, "mai nauyi", mai tsanani, halayyar salon Baroque. An hade da ka'idar tasiri (duba. Tasirin ka'idar). S. Brossard a cikin 1703 ya fassara kalmar “G.” a matsayin "nauyi, mahimmanci, majestic sabili da haka kusan ko da yaushe jinkirin". G. yana nuna ɗan lokaci kusa da largo, matsakaita tsakanin lento da adagio. Ya faru akai-akai a cikin ayyukan JS Bach (Cantata BWV 82) da GF Handel (mawaƙa "Kuma Isra'ila ta ce", "Shi ne Ubangijina" daga oratorio "Isra'ila a Misira"). Musamman sau da yawa yana zama nuni ga taki da yanayin sannu-sannu gabatarwa - intrads, gabatarwar zuwa wuce gona da iri ("Almasihu" na Handel), zuwa sassan farko na keken keke. yana aiki (Bethoven's Pathetic Sonata), zuwa wuraren wasan opera (Fidelio, gabatarwar wurin a kurkuku), da sauransu.

2) Kida. kalmar da aka yi amfani da ita azaman ma'anar wata kalma kuma tana nufin "zurfi", "ƙananan". Don haka, muryoyin kaburbura (ƙananan muryoyin, sau da yawa kawai kaburbura) shine ƙirar da Hukbald ya gabatar don ƙaramin tetrachord na tsarin sauti na wancan lokacin (tetrachord yana kwance a ƙasan ƙarshe huɗu; Gc). Octaves kaburbura (ƙananan octave) - suboctave-koppel a cikin sashin jiki (wani na'urar da ta ba da damar kwayar halitta ta ninka muryar da aka yi a cikin ƙananan octave; kamar sauran octave doublers, an yi amfani da shi musamman a cikin karni na 18-19; a cikin 20th. karni ya fada cikin rashin amfani, tun da bai ba da ingantaccen sauti ba kuma ya rage gaskiyar sautin sauti).

References: Brossard S. de, Kamus na Kiɗa, mai ɗauke da bayanin mafi yawan kalmomin Girkanci, Latin, Italiyanci da Faransanci a cikin kiɗa…, Amst., 1703; Hermann-Bengen I., Tempobezeichnungen, "Mьnchner Verцffentlichungen zur Musikgeschichte", I, Tutzing, 1959.