Ziyadullah Mukadasovich Shahidi (Ziyadullah Shahidi) |

Ziyadullah Shahidi

Z. Shakhidi na ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa fasahar kiɗan zamani ta zamani a Tajikistan. Yawancin waƙoƙinsa, romances, wasan operas da ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo sun shiga asusun zinariya na litattafan kiɗa na Jamhuriyar Soviet ta Gabas.

An haife shi a Samarkand kafin juyin juya hali, daya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin al'adun Gabas ta Tsakiya, kuma ya taso cikin mawuyacin yanayi, Shakhidi a koyaushe yana neman inganta kafa sabuwar alkibla mai ma'ana a cikin fasahar zamanin bayan juyin juya hali, kwarewar kide-kide. wanda a baya ba shi da halayen Gabas, da kuma nau'ikan zamani waɗanda suka bayyana sakamakon cudanya da al'adar kiɗan Turai.

Kamar sauran mawaƙa na majagaba a Gabas ta Tarayyar Soviet, Shakhidi ya fara ne ta hanyar ƙwararrun hanyoyin fasaha na al'ada na ƙasa, ya yi karatun ƙwararrun ƙididdiga a ɗakin studio na ƙasa a Moscow Conservatory, sa'an nan kuma a sashin ƙasa a cikin aji na V. Feret. (1952-57). Waƙarsa, musamman waƙa (sama da 300), ya zama sananne sosai kuma mutane suna son su. Yawancin waƙoƙin Shakhidi ("Bikin Nasara, Gidanmu ba shi da nisa, Ƙauna") ana rera su a ko'ina cikin Tajikistan, ana ƙaunar su a wasu jamhuriyoyin, da kuma ƙasashen waje - a Iran, Afghanistan. Kyautar waƙa ta mawaƙi kuma ta bayyana kanta a cikin aikinsa na soyayya. Daga cikin samfurori 14 na nau'in nau'in ƙaramar murya, Wuta na Ƙauna (a tashar Khiloli), da Birch (a tashar S. Obradovic) sun fito musamman.

Shakhidi mawaki ne na kaddara mai farin ciki. Kyautarsa ​​mai haske ta fasaha ta kasance mai ban sha'awa ta bayyana a cikin nau'ikan kiɗan zamani biyu - "haske" da "mai tsanani". Kadan daga cikin mawaƙa na zamani sun sami nasarar samun ƙauna da mutane kuma a lokaci guda suna ƙirƙirar kiɗa mai haske a cikin babban matakin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ta amfani da hanyoyin dabarun ƙirƙira na zamani. Wannan shi ne ainihin abin da "Symphony of the Maqoms" (1977) yake kama da maganganun rashin daidaituwa da launuka masu tayar da hankali.

Dandan ƙungiyar kaɗe-kaɗen ta ya dogara ne akan tasirin sonor-phonic. Rubuce-rubucen aleatoric, sauye-sauye na tilastawa rukunin ostinato sun yi daidai da sabbin salon tsarawa. Shafukan da yawa na aikin kuma suna sake haifar da tsattsauran tsattsauran ra'ayi na d ¯ a Tajik monody, a matsayin mai ɗaukar dabi'u na ruhaniya da na ɗabi'a, wanda gabaɗayan halin yanzu na tunanin kiɗan koyaushe ke dawowa. "Abin da ke cikin aikin yana da bangarori da yawa, a cikin wani nau'i na fasaha wanda ya shafi irin waɗannan batutuwa na har abada da mahimmanci ga fasahar zamaninmu kamar gwagwarmaya tsakanin nagarta da mugunta, haske da duhu, 'yanci da tashin hankali, hulɗar al'adu da zamani, gabaɗaya, tsakanin mai fasaha da duniya,” in ji A. Eshpay.

Har ila yau, nau'in simphonic a cikin aikin mawaƙi yana wakilta da waka mai ban sha'awa mai haske (1984), wanda ke rayar da hotunan jerin gwano na Tajik, da kuma ayyukan mafi matsakaici, tsarin ilimi: suites biyar na symphonic (1956-75); waqoqin waqoqin “1917” (1967), “Buzruk” (1976); waqoqin murya-symphonic “A ƙwaƙwalwar Mirzo Tursunzade” (1978) da “Ibn Sina” (1980).

Mawaƙin ya ƙirƙiri wasan opera ɗin sa na farko, Comde et Modan (1960), bisa waƙar wannan suna ta al'adar adabin Gabas Bedil, a lokacin mafi girman furanni na halitta. Ya zama ɗayan mafi kyawun ayyukan wasan opera na Tajik. Waƙoƙin da ake rera waƙa mai yawa "Comde da Modan" sun sami karɓuwa sosai a cikin jamhuriyar, sun shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya na Tajik bel Canto Masters da kuma asusun kiɗa na opera duka. Kiɗa na wasan opera na biyu na Shakhidi, “Slaves” (1980), wanda aka ƙirƙira bisa ga ayyukan adabin Soviet na Tajik S. Aini, ya sami karɓuwa sosai a cikin jamhuriyar.

Al'adun kaɗe-kaɗe na Shakhidi kuma sun haɗa da manyan waƙoƙin mawaƙa (oratorio, 5 cantatas zuwa kalmomin mawaƙan Tajik na zamani), ɗakuna da yawa da ayyukan kayan aiki (ciki har da String Quartet – 1981), 8 vocal and choreographic suites, kiɗa don shirya wasan kwaikwayo da fina-finai. .

Shahidi ya kuma sadaukar da ikonsa na kirkire-kirkire wajen ayyukan zamantakewa da ilimi, yana magana a shafukan jamhuriya da jaridu na tsakiya, a gidajen rediyo da talabijin. Wani mai fasaha na "halayen jama'a", ba zai iya zama mai ban sha'awa ga matsalolin rayuwar kiɗa na zamani na Jamhuriyar ba, ba zai iya taimakawa ba sai dai ya nuna gazawar da ke hana ci gaban kwayoyin halitta na al'adun matasa na kasa: "Na tabbata cewa Ayyukan mawaƙa sun haɗa da ba kawai ƙirƙirar ayyukan kiɗa ba, har ma da farfagandar mafi kyawun misalan fasaha na kiɗa, sa hannu mai aiki a cikin ilimin ado na masu aiki. Yadda ake koyar da kiɗa a makarantu, waɗanne waƙoƙin yara suke rera a lokacin hutu, waɗanne irin kiɗan da matasa ke sha'awar… kuma wannan yakamata ya damu da mawaki.

E. Orlova