Vano Ilyich Muradeli (Vano Muradeli) |

Vano Muradelli

"Art ya kamata ya zama cikakke, ya kamata ya nuna mafi yawan halaye da dabi'un rayuwarmu" - wannan ka'idar V. Muradeli ya ci gaba da bi a cikin aikinsa. Mawallafin ya yi aiki a nau'o'i da yawa. Daga cikin manyan ayyukansa akwai wasan kwaikwayo 2, operas 2, operettas 2, cantatas 16 da mawaƙa, fiye da 50. waƙoƙin murya na ɗakin gida, waƙoƙi kusan 300, kiɗa don wasan kwaikwayo 19 da fina-finai 12.

Iyalin Muradov sun bambanta da babban kida. Muradeli ya ce: “Lokacin da na fi farin ciki a rayuwata, maraice ne marasa hankali sa’ad da iyayena suka zauna kusa da ni kuma suna rera mana yara.” Vanya Muradov ya kasance mai sha'awar kiɗa. Ya koyi wasa mandolin, guitar, kuma daga baya ya koyi piano ta kunne. Kokarin shirya kiɗa. Mafarkin shiga makarantar kiɗa, Ivan Muradov mai shekaru goma sha bakwai ya tafi Tbilisi. Godiya ga samun damar ganawa tare da fitaccen darektan fina-finai na Soviet kuma dan wasan kwaikwayo M. Chiaureli, wanda ya yaba da kwarewar saurayi, kyakkyawar muryarsa, Muradov ya shiga makarantar kiɗa a cikin ɗakin waƙa. Amma wannan bai ishe shi ba. Ya ci gaba da jin babban bukatu don yin nazari mai zurfi a cikin abun da ke ciki. Kuma a sake sa'a hutu! Bayan sauraron waƙoƙin da Muradov ya rubuta, darektan makarantar kiɗa K. Shotniev ya yarda ya shirya shi don shiga Tbilisi Conservatory. A shekara daga baya, Ivan Muradov zama dalibi a Conservatory, inda ya yi karatu abun da ke ciki tare da S. Barkhudaryan da kuma gudanar da M. Bagrinovsky. Shekaru 3 bayan kammala karatunsa daga Conservatory Muradov ya sadaukar da kusan kawai ga gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Ya rubuta kiɗa don wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo na Tbilisi Drama, kuma ya yi nasara a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. Ya kasance tare da aikin a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo cewa an haɗa canjin sunan mahaifi na matashi - maimakon "Ivan Muradov" wani sabon suna ya bayyana a kan posters: "Vano Muradeli".

Bayan lokaci, Muradeli yana ƙara rashin gamsuwa da ayyukan da ya rubuta. Burinsa shine ya rubuta wasan kwaikwayo! Kuma ya yanke shawarar ci gaba da karatunsa. Tun 1934, Muradeli dalibi ne na Moscow Conservatory a cikin abun da ke ciki ajin B. Shekhter, sa'an nan N. Myaskovsky. Schechter ya ce, "A cikin yanayin hazakar sabon ɗalibi na," in ji waƙar tunanin kiɗa, wanda ya samo asali a cikin jama'a, farkon waƙa, motsin rai, ikhlasi da son rai." A ƙarshen Conservatory Muradeli ya rubuta "Symphony a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar SM Kirov" (1938), kuma tun daga wannan lokacin jigon farar hula ya zama jagora a cikin aikinsa.

A cikin 1940, Muradeli ya fara aiki a opera The Extraordinary Commissar (libre G. Mdivani) game da yakin basasa a Arewacin Caucasus. Mawallafin ya sadaukar da wannan aikin ga S. Ordzhonikidze. Gidan rediyon All-Union ya watsa wani wuri guda na opera. Ba zato ba tsammani na Babban Yaƙin Kishin Ƙasa ya katse aikin. Tun farkon yakin, Muradeli ya tafi tare da tawagar wasan wake-wake zuwa yankin Arewa maso Yamma. Daga cikin wakokinsa na kishin ƙasa na shekarun yaƙi, waɗannan sune: "Za mu ci nasara da Nazis" (Art. S. Alymov); "Zuwa abokan gaba, ga Motherland, gaba!" (Art. V. Lebedev-Kumach); "Waƙar Dovorets" (Art. I. Karamzin). Ya kuma rubuta jerin gwanon 1 don ƙungiyar tagulla: "Maris na Militia" da "March Black Sea". A cikin 2, an kammala Symphony na biyu, wanda aka sadaukar da shi ga sojojin Soviet-'yantarwa.

Waƙar tana da matsayi na musamman a cikin aikin mawaƙin na shekarun bayan yaƙi. "Jam'iyyar ita ce shugabanmu" (Art. S. Mikhalkov), "Rasha ita ce ƙasar mahaifiyata", "Maris na Matasan Duniya" da "Song of Fighters for Peace" (duk a tashar V. Kharitonov), " Yabo na Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya" (Art. L. Oshanina) kuma musamman ma "Buchenwald ƙararrawa" (Art. A. Sobolev). Ya yi ƙara zuwa iyakar miƙen zaren "Kare duniya!"

Bayan yakin, mawakin ya ci gaba da aikinsa da ya katse a wasan opera The Extraordinary Commissar. An fara wasan farko a karkashin taken "Babban Abota" a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bolshoi a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, 1947. Wannan wasan opera ya dauki matsayi na musamman a tarihin kiɗan Soviet. Duk da dacewa da makircin (wasan opera an sadaukar da shi ga abokantakar al'ummomin kasarmu da yawa) da kuma wasu fa'idodin kiɗa tare da dogaro da waƙoƙin jama'a, "Babban Abota" an fuskanci zargi mai tsanani mara dalili da ake zargin bisa ga ka'ida a cikin Dokar. na Kwamitin tsakiya na Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Bolsheviks na Fabrairu 10, 1948. Bayan shekaru 10 a cikin Dokar Kwamitin tsakiya na CPSU "Akan Gyara Kuskure a Ƙimar Operas" Babban Abota "," Bogdan Khmelnitsky "da kuma “Daga Zuciya”, an sake gyara wannan suka, kuma an yi wasan opera na Muradeli a zauren Rukunin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin a cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo, sannan ba a watsa shi sau ɗaya a gidan rediyon All-Union ba.

Wani muhimmin al'amari a cikin rayuwar kida na kasar mu shi ne Muradeli ta opera "Oktoba" (libre by V. Lugovsky). An fara gabatar da shi nasara a ranar 22 ga Afrilu, 1964 a kan mataki na fadar Kremlin na Majalisa. Abu mafi mahimmanci a cikin wannan opera shine hoton kiɗa na VI Lenin. Shekaru biyu kafin mutuwarsa, Muradeli ya ce: “A halin yanzu, ina ci gaba da yin aikin opera The Kremlin Dreamer. Wannan shi ne kashi na ƙarshe na trilogy, sassan biyu na farko - opera "Babban Abota" da "Oktoba" - an riga an san su ga masu sauraro. Ina so in gama wani sabon abun da ke ciki don bikin cika shekaru 2 na haihuwar Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. Koyaya, mawaƙin ya kasa kammala wannan opera. Ba shi da lokaci don gane ra'ayin opera "Cosmonauts".

An kuma aiwatar da jigon jama'a a cikin operettas na Muradeli: Yarinya mai Blue Eyes (1966) da Moscow-Paris-Moscow (1968). Duk da babban m aiki, Muradeli ya kasance m jama'a adadi: shekaru 11 ya jagoranci Moscow kungiyar na Composers, dauki wani aiki bangare a cikin aikin na Tarayyar Soviet Societies for Friendship da kasashen waje. Ya yi magana akai-akai a cikin 'yan jaridu da kuma daga rostrum a kan batutuwa daban-daban na al'adun gargajiya na Soviet. "Ba kawai a cikin kerawa ba, har ma a cikin ayyukan zamantakewa," in ji T. Khrennikov, "Vano Muradeli ya mallaki sirrin zamantakewa, ya san yadda za a kunna babbar jama'a tare da kalma mai ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa." Mutuwa ta katse ayyukansa na ƙirƙira da ban tausayi - mawakin ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani a yayin yawon shakatawa tare da kide-kide na marubuci a biranen Siberiya.

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