Michal Kleofas Ogiński (Michał Kleofas Ogiński) |

Michał Kleofas Ogiński

Hanyar rayuwa ta mawakin Poland M. Oginsky kamar labari ne mai ban sha'awa, mai cike da kwatsam kwatsam na kaddara, yana da alaƙa da kusanci da mummunan makomar ƙasarsa. Sunan mawaki ya kewaye da wani halo na soyayya, ko da a lokacin rayuwarsa da yawa tatsuniyoyi sun taso game da shi (alal misali, ya "koyi" game da kansa mutuwar fiye da sau ɗaya). Kiɗa na Oginsky, yana nuna yanayin lokacin, yana ƙara sha'awar halin marubucin. Mawaƙin kuma yana da basirar adabi, shi ne marubucin Memoirs game da Poland da Poles, labarai kan kiɗa, da waƙa.

Oginsky ya girma a cikin iyali mai daraja mai ilimi sosai. Kawunsa Michal Kazimierz Ogiński, Babban Hetman na Lithuania, mawaki ne kuma mawaƙi, ya buga kida da yawa, ya haɗa wasan operas, polonaises, mazurkas, da waƙoƙi. Ya inganta garaya kuma ya rubuta labarin game da wannan kayan aikin na Diderot's Encyclopedia. A cikin gidansa Slonim (yanzu yankin Belarus), inda matasa Oginsky sau da yawa ya zo, akwai gidan wasan kwaikwayo tare da wasan kwaikwayo na opera, wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo, ƙungiyar makaɗa, Polish, Italiyanci, Faransanci da Jamusanci. Mutum na gaskiya na Haskakawa, Michal Kazimierz ya shirya makaranta don yara na gida. Irin wannan yanayi ya haifar da ƙasa mai kyau don haɓaka iyawar Oginsky. Malamin kiɗa na farko shi ne matashin O. Kozlovsky a lokacin (wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mawaƙin kotu na Oginskys), daga baya wani fitaccen mawaki wanda ya ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci ga al'adun gargajiya na Yaren mutanen Poland da na Rasha (mawallafin shahararren polonaise "Thunder na nasara,) sauti"). Oginsky yayi nazarin violin tare da I. Yarnovich, sannan ya inganta a Italiya tare da G. Viotti da P. Baio.

A 1789, Oginsky ta siyasa aiki ya fara, shi ne Yaren mutanen Poland jakadan a Netherlands (1790), Ingila (1791); ya koma Warsaw, yana rike da mukamin ma'aji na Lithuania (1793-94). Babu wani abu da ya zama kamar ya rufe aikin da aka fara a haɗe. Amma a cikin 1794, T. Kosciuszko ya tayar da tashin hankali don maido da 'yancin kai na kasa (daular Poland-Lithuania ta Commonwealth ta raba tsakanin Prussia, Austria da daular Rasha). Da yake kasancewa dan kishin kasa mai kishin kasa, Oginsky ya shiga cikin 'yan tawaye kuma yana taka rawa a cikin gwagwarmaya, kuma yana ba da duk dukiyarsa "a matsayin kyauta ga mahaifar uwa." Tattaki da wakokin yaki da mawakin ya yi a wadannan shekaru sun shahara sosai kuma sun shahara a tsakanin ‘yan tawaye. Oginsky an lasafta shi da waƙar "Poland bai mutu ba tukuna" (mawallafinsa ba a kafa shi ba), wanda daga baya ya zama waƙar ƙasa.

Rashin nasarar da aka yi na tayar da kayar baya ya haifar da bukatar barin kasarsu. A cikin Constantinople (1796) Oginsky ya zama mutum mai aiki a cikin 'yan kishin Poland waɗanda suka yi hijira. Yanzu idanun Poles suna da bege akan Napoleon, wanda mutane da yawa suka gane shi a matsayin "janar juyin juya hali" (L. Beethoven ya yi nufin sadaukar da "Heroic Symphony" a gare shi). Tasbihi na Napoleon yana da alaƙa da bayyanar Oginsky kawai opera Zelida da Valcour, ko Bonaparte a Alkahira (1799). Shekaru da aka shafe ana tafiya a Turai (Italiya, Faransa) sannu a hankali sun raunana begen farfado da Poland mai cin gashin kanta. Afuwar Alexander I (ciki har da komawar gidaje) ya ba wa mawaki damar zuwa Rasha kuma ya zauna a St. Petersburg (1802). Amma ko da a cikin sababbin yanayi (tun daga 1802 Oginsky ya kasance Sanata na Daular Rasha), ayyukansa sun kasance da nufin inganta halin da ake ciki na mahaifa.

Kasancewa cikin rayuwar siyasa ta rayayye, Oginsky ba zai iya ba da lokaci mai yawa don tsara kiɗa ba. Bugu da ƙari, wasan opera, waƙoƙin martial da kuma soyayya da yawa, babban ɓangaren ƙananan gadonsa shine piano guda: raye-raye na Poland - polonaises da mazurkas, da maci, minuets, waltzes. Oginsky ya zama sananne musamman ga polonaises (fiye da 20). Shi ne farkon wanda ya fassara wannan nau'in ba a matsayin nau'in rawa kawai ba, a'a a matsayin waƙar waƙa, guntun piano mai zaman kansa cikin ma'anarsa. Ƙaddamar da ruhun fada yana kusa da Oginsky tare da hotunan bakin ciki, rashin jin daɗi, yana nuna jin dadi, yanayin soyayya da ke shawagi a cikin iska na lokacin. A bayyane, kima na roba na polonaise yana haɗuwa tare da santsin sautin sauti na soyayya-elegy. Wasu polonaises suna da sunayen shirin: "Farewell, Partition of Poland." Polonaise "Farewell to the Motherland" (1831) har yanzu yana da mashahuri har yau, nan da nan, daga farkon bayanin kula, yana haifar da yanayi na maganganun sirri na sirri. Waƙar rawa na Yaren mutanen Poland, Oginsky ya buɗe hanya don babban F. Chopin. An buga ayyukansa kuma an yi su a ko'ina cikin Turai - a cikin Paris da St. Petersburg, Leipzig da Milan, kuma, ba shakka, a Warsaw (tun daga 1803, fitaccen mawakin Poland J. Elsner a kai a kai yana haɗa su a cikin tarin ayyukansa na kowane wata na mawaƙa na gida. ).

Rashin lafiya ya tilasta Oginsky barin St. Petersburg kuma ya shafe shekaru 10 na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa a Italiya, a Florence. Ta haka ne ya ƙare da rai na mawaki, arziki a cikin daban-daban events, wanda ya tsaya a asalin Yaren mutanen Poland romanticism.

K. Zankin