Daniel Francois Esprit Auber |

Daniel Auber

Ober. "Fra Diavolo". Matashi Agnes (N. Finer)

Memba na Cibiyar Faransa (1829). Yayinda yake yaro, ya buga violin, ya hada da soyayya (an buga su). Bisa ga burin iyayensa, wadanda suka shirya shi don yin sana'ar kasuwanci, ya sadaukar da kansa ga kiɗa. Na farko, wanda har yanzu mai sha'awar, gogewa a cikin kiɗan wasan kwaikwayo shine wasan opera mai ban dariya Iulia (1811), wanda L. Cherubini ya amince da shi (a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa, Aubert daga baya ya karanci abun da ke ciki).

Wasan kwaikwayo na ban dariya na farko da Aubert ya yi, The Soldiers at Rest (1813) da Alkawari (1819), ba su sami karbuwa ba. Fame ya kawo masa wasan opera mai ban dariya The Shepherdess - mai gidan sarauta (1820). Daga 20s. Aubert ya fara haɗin gwiwa mai fa'ida na dogon lokaci tare da marubucin wasan kwaikwayo E. Scribe, marubucin libretto na yawancin wasan operas ɗinsa (na farkon su shine Leicester da Snow).

A farkon aikinsa, G. Rossini da A. Boildieu sun rinjayi Aubert, amma tuni wasan opera mai ban dariya The Mason (1825) ya ba da shaida ga yancin kai da asalin mawaƙin. A cikin 1828, opera The Mute from Portici (Fenella, lib. Scribe da J. Delavigne), wanda ya kafa shahararsa, an shirya shi tare da nasara mai nasara. A 1842-71 Aubert shi ne darektan Paris Conservatoire, daga 1857 shi ma mawaki ne na kotu.

Ober, tare da J. Meyerbeer, ɗaya ne daga cikin waɗanda suka kirkiri babban nau'in wasan opera. Wasan opera The Mute daga Portici na cikin wannan nau'in. Makircinsa - tashin masunta na Neapolitan a 1647 a kan bayin Spain - ya dace da yanayin jama'a a jajibirin juyin juya halin Yuli na 1830 a Faransa. Tare da fuskantarwa, opera ya amsa bukatun masu sauraro masu tasowa, wani lokaci yana haifar da wasan kwaikwayo na juyin juya hali (bayani na kishin kasa a wani wasan kwaikwayo a 1830 a Brussels ya zama farkon tashin hankali wanda ya kai ga 'yantar da Belgium daga mulkin Holland). A Rasha, wasan opera a cikin Rashanci ya ba da izini ta hanyar tantancewa kawai a ƙarƙashin taken The Palermo Bandits (1857).

Wannan ita ce babbar wasan opera ta farko da ta dogara kan wani shiri na tarihi na gaske, wanda halayensa ba tsohowar jarumai ba ne, amma talakawa ne. Aubert yana fassara taken jarumtaka ta hanyar raye-raye na waƙoƙin jama'a, raye-raye, da waƙoƙin yaƙi da jerin gwano na Babban juyin juya halin Faransa. Wasan opera na amfani da dabaru na banbance banbancen wasan kwaikwayo, mawaka masu yawa, nau'ikan jama'a da al'amuran jarumtaka (a kasuwa, tashin hankali), yanayi mai ban sha'awa ( wurin hauka). Matsayin jarumar an danƙa wa ɗan wasan ballerina, wanda ya ba wa mawaƙan damar cika makin tare da bayyana mawaƙan kaɗe-kaɗe da ke tare da wasan Fenella, da kuma gabatar da abubuwa masu tasiri na ballet a cikin opera. Wasan opera The Mute daga Portici ya yi tasiri kan ci gaban ƙwararrun jarumai da opera na soyayya.

Aubert shine babban wakilin wasan kwaikwayo na Faransanci. Wasan opera nasa Fra Diavolo (1830) ta nuna sabon mataki a tarihin wannan nau'in. Daga cikin operas masu ban dariya da yawa sun fito: "Dokin Bronze" (1835), "Black Domino" (1837), "Diamonds of the Crown" (1841). Aubert ya dogara da al'adun masanan wasan kwaikwayo na Faransanci na karni na 18. (FA Philidor, PA Monsigny, AEM Gretry), da kuma tsohon Boildieu na zamani, sun koyi abubuwa da yawa daga fasahar Rossini.

Tare da haɗin gwiwar Scribe, Aubert ya ƙirƙiri sabon nau'in nau'in wasan opera mai ban dariya, wanda ke da alaƙa da ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa, wani lokacin makircin tatsuniyoyi, ta halitta da haɓaka aiki cikin sauri, cike da ban mamaki, wasa, wani lokacin babban yanayi.

Kiɗa na Aubert yana da wayo, a hankali yana nuna jujjuyawar aiki mai ban dariya, cike da haske mai daɗi, alheri, nishaɗi da haske. Ya ƙunshi nau'ikan kiɗan Faransanci na yau da kullun (waƙa da rawa). Makinsa suna da alamar saƙar farin ciki da iri-iri, kaifi, raye-raye masu ban sha'awa, da kuma raye-rayen raye-raye. Aubert ya yi amfani da nau'ikan tashin hankali da nau'ikan waƙoƙi iri-iri, da gwanintar gabatar da ƙungiyoyi da mawaƙa, waɗanda ya fassara su cikin wasa, hanya mai inganci, ƙirƙirar fage masu kayatarwa, masu ban sha'awa. Haihuwar ƙirƙira an haɗa shi a Aubert tare da kyautar iri-iri da sabon abu. AN Serov ya ba da babban kima, cikakken kwatanci ga mawaki. Mafi kyawun operas na Aubert sun riƙe shahararsu.

Farashin Bronfin

Abubuwan da aka tsara:

wasan kwaikwayo - Julia (Julie, 1811, gidan wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa a cikin katangar Chime), Jean de Couvain (Jean de Couvain, 1812, ibid.), Sojojin da ke hutawa (Le séjour militaire, 1813, Feydeau Theater, Paris), Alkawari, ko bayanin kula na ƙauna (Le testament ou Les billets doux, 1819, Opera Comic Theatre, Paris), Shepherdess - mai gidan sarauta (La bergère châtelaine, 1820, ibid.), Emma, ​​ko alƙawarin rashin kulawa (Emma ou La) promesse imprudente, 1821, ibid. same), Leicester (1823, ibid.), Snow (La neige, 1823, ibid.), Vendôme a Spain (Vendôme en Espagne, tare da P. Herold, 1823, King's Academy of Music da kuma Dance, Paris) , Kotun Concert (Le concert à la cour, ou La débutante, 1824, Opera Comic Theatre, Paris), Leocadia (Léocadie, 1824, ibid.), Bricklayer (Le maçon, 1825, ibid.), Abin kunya ( Le timidye , ou Le nouveau séducteur, 1825, ibid.), Fiorella (Fiorella, 1825, ibid.), Mute daga Portici (La muette de Portici, 1828, King's Academy of Music and Dance, Paris), Bride (La fiancée, 1829, Opéra Comique, Paris), Fra D iavolo (F ra Diavolo, ou L'hôtellerie de Terracine, 1830, ibid.), God and Bayadère (Le dieu et la bayadère, ou La courtisane amoureuse, 1830, King. Kwalejin Kiɗa da rawa, Paris; rawar shiru bayadère isp. ballerina M. Taglioni), Love potion (Le philtre, 1831, ibid.), Marquise de Brenvilliers (La marquise de Brinvilliers, tare da 8 sauran composers, 1831, Opera Comic Theater, Paris), rantsuwa (Le serment , ou Les faux). -monnayeurs, 1832, King's Academy of Music and Dance, Paris), Gustav III, ko Masquerade Ball (Gustave III, ou Le bal masqué, 1833, ibid.), Lestocq, ou L' intrigue et l'amour, 1834, Opera Comic, Paris), Horse na Bronze (Le cheval de bronze, 1835, ibid; a cikin 1857 aka sake yin aiki a cikin babban wasan opera), Acteon (Actéon, 1836, ibid), White Hoods (Les chaperons blancs, 1836, ibid.), Manzo (L'ambassadrice, 1836, ibid.), Black Domino (Le domino noir, 1837, ibid.), Fairy Lake (Le lac des fées, 1839, King's Academy Music and Dance”, Paris), Zanetta (Zanetta, ou Jouer avec le feu, 1840, Opera Comic Theater, Paris), Crown Diamonds (Les diamants de la couronne, 1841, ibid.), Duke na Olonne (Le duc d 'Olonne, 1842, ibid.), Shaidan's Share (La part). du diable, 1843, ibid.) , Siren (La sirène, 1844,ibid.), Barcarolle, ko Ƙauna da Kiɗa (La barcarolle ou L'amour et la musique, 1845, ibid.), Haydée (Haydée, ou Le sirri, 1847, ibid.), Prodigal ɗa (L'enfant prodigue, 1850 , Sarki. Academy of Music and Dance, Paris), Zerlina (Zerline ou La corbeille d'oranges, 1851, ibid), Marco Spada (Marco Spada, 1852, Opera Comic Theater, Paris; a 1857 bita a cikin ballet), Jenny Bell (Jenny Bell) , 1855, ibid.), Manon Lescaut (Manon Lescaut, 1856, ibid.), Circassian mace (La circassienne, 1861, ibid.), Bride of King de Garbe (La fiancée du roi de Garbe, 1864, ibid.) ) , Ranar Farko na Farin Ciki (Le premier jour de bonheur, 1868, ibid.), Mafarkin Ƙauna (Rêve d'amour, 1869, ibid.); igiyoyi. quartets (ba a buga ba), da sauransu.