Arthur Honegger |

Arthur Honegger

Honegger babban malami ne, ɗaya daga cikin ƴan mawaƙa na zamani waɗanda ke da ma'ana na maɗaukaki. E. Jourdan-Morange

Fitaccen mawakin Faransa A. Honegger yana ɗaya daga cikin masu fasaha masu ci gaba a zamaninmu. Duk rayuwar wannan mawaƙin mawaƙi kuma mai tunani hidima ce ga fasahar ƙaunataccensa. Ya ba shi iyawa da ƙarfinsa iri-iri har kusan shekaru 40. Farkon aikin mawakin ya samo asali ne tun lokacin yakin duniya na farko, an rubuta ayyukan karshe a shekarar 1952-53. Peru Honegger ta mallaki abubuwan ƙira sama da 150, da kuma labarai masu mahimmanci kan batutuwan ƙonawa iri-iri na fasahar kiɗan zamani.

Wani ɗan ƙasar Le Havre, Honegger ya shafe yawancin ƙuruciyarsa a Switzerland, mahaifar iyayensa. Ya yi karatun kiɗa tun yana ƙuruciya, amma ba bisa tsari ba, ko dai a Zurich ko a Le Havre. Da gaske, ya fara nazarin abun da ke ciki yana da shekaru 18 a Conservatory na Paris tare da A. Gedalzh (malamin M. Ravel). A nan, mawakin nan gaba ya sadu da D. Milhaud, wanda, a cewar Honegger, ya yi tasiri sosai a kansa, ya ba da gudummawa ga samuwar dandano da sha'awar kiɗan zamani.

Hanyar kirkira ta mawaki ta kasance mai wahala. A farkon 20s. ya shiga ƙungiyar mawaƙa masu ƙirƙira, waɗanda masu sukar suka kira "French Six" (bisa ga adadin membobinta). Kasancewar Honegger a cikin wannan al'umma ya ba da gagarumin tasiri ga bayyanar da sabani na akida da fasaha a cikin aikinsa. Ya ba da babbar girmamawa ga constructivism a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗarsa Pacific 231 (1923). Ayyukansa na farko ya kasance tare da nasara mai ban sha'awa, kuma aikin ya sami shaharar hayaniya tsakanin masoya kowane nau'in sabbin kayayyaki. "Da farko na kira guntun Symphonic Movement," in ji Honegger. “Amma… lokacin da na gama ci, sai na sanya masa lakabi da Pacific 231. Irin wannan ita ce tambarin motocin motsa jiki waɗanda dole ne su jagoranci manyan jirage masu nauyi”… Har ila yau, sha'awar Honegger ga birane da gina gine-gine yana bayyana a cikin sauran ayyukan wannan lokacin: a cikin hoton symphonic " Rugby" da kuma "Symphonic Movement No. 3".

Duk da haka, duk da m dangantaka da "Shida", mawaki ya kasance kullum da aka bambanta da 'yancin kai na fasaha tunani, wanda a karshe ya ƙayyade babban layin ci gaban aikinsa. Tuni a tsakiyar 20s. Honegger ya fara ƙirƙirar ayyukansa mafi kyau, zurfin ɗan adam da dimokuradiyya. Alamar abun da ke ciki shine oratorio "Sarki Dauda". Ta bude wata doguwar sarkar sautin muryarsa da mawakan kade-kade "Kira na Duniya", "Judith", "Antigone", "Joan na Arc a gungumen", "Dance of the Dead". A cikin waɗannan ayyukan, Honegger da kansa da ɗaiɗaikun yana ɓata halaye daban-daban a cikin fasahar zamaninsa, yana ƙoƙarin ɗaukar kyawawan kyawawan halaye waɗanda ke da darajar duniya ta har abada. Saboda haka roko ga tsoho, Littafi Mai Tsarki da jigogi na na da.

Mafi kyawun ayyukan Honegger sun ƙetare manyan matakai na duniya, suna jan hankalin masu sauraro tare da haske mai daɗi da sabo na harshen kiɗa. Mawaƙin da kansa ya yi rawar gani a matsayin jagorar ayyukansa a cikin ƙasashe da yawa a Turai da Amurka. A 1928 ya ziyarci Leningrad. A nan, an kafa dangantakar abokantaka da m tsakanin Honegger da mawakan Soviet, kuma musamman tare da D. Shostakovich.

A cikin aikinsa, Honegger yana neman ba kawai don sababbin makirci da nau'o'in ba, har ma don sabon mai sauraro. "Dole ne kida ya canza jama'a kuma ya yi kira ga talakawa," in ji mawaki. "Amma saboda wannan, tana buƙatar canza halinta, ta zama mai sauƙi, marar rikitarwa kuma a cikin manyan nau'o'i. Mutane ba su damu da dabarun mawaƙa da bincike ba. Wannan ita ce irin kiɗan da na yi ƙoƙarin bayarwa a cikin "Jeanne a kan gungumen azaba". Na yi ƙoƙari in zama mai sauƙi ga matsakaicin masu sauraro da kuma sha'awar mawaƙin. "

Burin dimokuradiyyar mawakin ya sami bayyananniyar magana a cikin aikinsa a cikin nau'ikan kida da aikace-aikace. Ya rubuta da yawa don cinema, rediyo, wasan kwaikwayo. Kasancewa a cikin 1935 memba na Ƙungiyar Kiɗa ta Jama'ar Faransa, Honegger, tare da sauran mawaƙa masu ci gaba, sun shiga cikin sahun Popular Front na anti-fascist. A cikin waɗannan shekarun, ya rubuta waƙoƙin jama'a, ya daidaita waƙoƙin jama'a, ya shiga cikin tsarin kide-kide na wasan kwaikwayo a cikin salon bukukuwan taro na Babban juyin juya halin Faransa. Cancancin ci gaba na aikin Honegger shine aikinsa a cikin mummunan shekaru na mamayar farkisanci na Faransa. Memba na gwagwarmayar gwagwarmaya, sannan ya ƙirƙiri ayyuka da yawa na abubuwan da ke cikin kishin ƙasa. Waɗannan su ne Symphony na Biyu, Waƙoƙin 'Yanci da kiɗa don wasan kwaikwayon rediyon Beats na Duniya. Tare da ƙirƙirar murya da oratori, waƙoƙinsa guda 5 suna cikin manyan nasarorin da mawakin ya samu. An rubuta na ƙarshe a cikin su a ƙarƙashin ra'ayi kai tsaye na abubuwan da suka faru na yakin. Ba da labari game da matsalolin ƙonawa na zamaninmu, sun zama muhimmiyar gudummawa ga ci gaban nau'in wasan kwaikwayo na ƙarni na XNUMX.

Honegger ya bayyana matsayinsa na kirkire-kirkire ba kawai a cikin kerawa na kida ba, har ma a cikin ayyukan adabi: ya rubuta litattafai na kade-kade da na kade-kade 3. Tare da batutuwa iri-iri iri-iri a cikin muhimman al'adun mawaƙa, matsalolin kiɗan zamani da mahimmancin zamantakewa sun mamaye wuri na tsakiya. A cikin shekaru na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa, mawakin ya sami karɓuwa a duniya, ya kasance likita mai daraja na Jami'ar Zurich, kuma ya jagoranci ƙungiyoyin kiɗa na duniya da dama.

I. Vetlitsyna

Abubuwan da aka tsara:

wasan kwaikwayo - Judith (wasan kwaikwayo na Littafi Mai Tsarki, 1925, ed 2nd., 1936), Antigone (masifun waƙa, lib. J. Cocteau bayan Sophocles, 1927, tr “De la Monnaie”, Brussels), Eaglet (L'aiglon, tare da G. Iber, bisa ga wasan kwaikwayo na E. Rostand, 1935, wanda aka kafa a 1937, Monte Carlo), ballet – Gaskiya qarya ce (Vèritè – mensonge, yar tsana ballet, 1920, Paris), Skating-Ring (Skating-Rink, Swedish roller ballet, 1921, post. 1922, Champs Elysees Theatre, Paris), Fantasy (Phantasie, ballet-sketch). . Jigogi na "French Suites" na Bach, 1922, Paris), Semiramide (ballet-melodrama, 1924, post. 1925, Grand Opera, Paris), Icarus (1928, Paris), The White Bird Has Flew ( Un oiseau blanc s' est envolè, ​​don bikin jirgin sama, 1930, Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, Paris), Song of Songs (Le cantique des cantiques, 1931, Grand Opera, Paris), Haihuwar Launi (La naissance des couleurs, 1933, ibid.), The Call of the Mountains (L'appel de la montagne, 1935, post. 1937, ibid.), Shota Rustaveli (tare da A. Tcherepnin, T. Harshanyi, 1938, Monte Carlo), Mutumin da ke cikin Damisa Skin (L'homme a la peau de lèopard, 1940); operetta - The Adventures of King Pozol (Les aventures du roi Pausole, 1930, tr "Buff-Parisien", Paris), Beauty daga Moudon (La belle de Moudon, 1931, tr "Jora", Mézières), Baby Cardinal (Les petites Cardinal , tare da J. Hibert, 1937, Bouffe-Parisien, Paris); mataki oratorios – Sarki Dauda (Le roi David, bisa ga wasan kwaikwayo na R. Moraks, bugu na farko – Zabura na Symphonic, 1, tr “Zhora”, Mezieres; bugu na biyu – oratorio mai ban mamaki, 1921; bugu na uku – opera -oratorio, 2, Paris ), Amphion (melodrama, 1923, post. 3, Grand Opera, Paris), oratorio Cries of Peace (Cris du monde, 1924), oratorio mai ban mamaki Joan na Arc a gungumen (Jeanne d'Arc au bucher, rubutu na P. Claudel, 1929, Mutanen Espanya 1931, Basel), oratorio Dance of the Dead (La danse des morts, rubutu na Claudel, 1931), labari mai ban mamaki Nicolas de Flue (1935, post. 1938, Neuchâtel), Kirsimeti Cantata (Une cantate de Noel) , a cikin littattafan liturgical da na jama'a, 1938); don makada - 5 symphonies (na farko, 1930; na biyu, 1941; Liturgical, Liturgique, 1946; Basel pleasures, Deliciae Basilienses, 1946, symphony na uku res, Di tre re, 1950), Prelude zuwa wasan kwaikwayo "Aglavena da Selisette" Maeluter zuba ”Aglavaine et Sèlysette”, 1917), Waƙar Nigamon (Le chant de Nigamon, 1917), The Legend of the World Games of the World (Le dit des jeux du monde, 1918), Suite Summer Pastoral (Pastorale d’ètè). . ), Rugby (Rugby, 1920) , Symphonic motsi No 1921 (Mouvement symphonique No1923, 1923), Suite daga kiɗa don fim din "Les Misérables" ("Les misérables", 231), Nocturne (231), Serenade Angélique (Sèrènade) zuba Angèlique, 1923), Suite archaique (Suite archaique , 1928), Monopartita (Monopartita, 3); kide kide da wake-wake - concertino na piano (1924), don Volch. (1929), ɗakin kide-kide don sarewa, Turanci. kaho da igiya. Orc. (1948); dakin kayan aiki ensembles - 2 sonata don Skr. kuma fp. (1918, 1919), sonata don viola da piano. (1920), sonata don vlc. kuma fp. (1920), sonatina don 2 Skr. (1920), sonatina don clarinet da piano. (1922), sonatina don Skr. da VC. (1932), 3 igiyoyi. quartet (1917, 1935, 1937), Rhapsody don sarewa 2, clarinet da piano. (1917), Waƙar kirtani 10 (1920), 3 maki don picolo, oboe, skr. da VC. (1922), Prelude and Blues for the harp quartet (1925); don piano - Scherzo, Humoresque, Adagio expressivo (1910), Toccata da Bambance-bambance (1916), guda 3 (Prelude, Dedication to Ravel, Hommage a Ravel, Dance, 1919), guda 7 (1920), Sarabande daga kundin "Shida" ( 1920), Littafin rubutu na Swiss (Cahier Romand, 1923), sadaukarwa ga Roussel (Hommage a A. Rousell, 1928), Suite (na 2 fp., 1928), Prelude, arioso da fughetta akan jigon BACH (1932), Partita ( don 2 fp., 1940), 2 zane-zane (1943), Memories of Chopin (Souvenir de Chopm, 1947); don solo violin - sonata (1940); ga gabobi - fugue da chorale (1917), don sarewa - Rawar akuya (Danse de la chevre, 1919); soyayya da wakoki, ciki har da G. Apollinaire na gaba, P. Verlaine, F. Jammes, J. Cocteau, P. Claudel, J. Laforgue, R. Ronsard, A. Fontaine, A. Chobanian, P. Faure da sauransu; kiɗa don wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo - Labarin Wasanni na Duniya (P. Meralya, 1918), Rawar Mutuwa (C. Larronda, 1919), Sabbin Ma'aurata a Hasumiyar Eiffel (Cocteau, 1921), Saul (A. Zhida, 1922), Antigone ( Sophocles - Cocteau, 1922), Lilyuli (R. Rolland, 1923), Phaedra (G. D'Annunzio, 1926), Yuli 14 (R. Rolland; tare da sauran composers, 1936), Silk siliki (Claudel, 1943), Karl the Bold (R Morax, 1944), Prometheus (Aeschylus - A. Bonnard, 1944), Hamlet (Shakespeare - Gide, 1946), Oedipus (Sophocles - A. Duka, 1947), Jihar Siege (A. Camus, 1948) ), Tare da ƙauna ba sa wasa (A. Musset, 1951), Oedipus the King (Sophocles - T. Molniera, 1952); kiɗa don rediyo - 12 bugun jini da tsakar dare (Les 12 coups de minuit, C. Larronda, radiomystery for choir and orc., 1933), Radio panorama (1935), Christopher Columbus (V. Age, radio oratorio, 1940), Beatings of the world ( Battements du monde, Age, 1944), The Golden Head (Tete d'or, Claudel, 1948), St. Francis na Assisi (Shekaru, 1949), Kafara na François Villon (J. Bruire, 1951); kiɗa don fina-finai (35), ciki har da "Laifi da Hukunci" (a cewar FM Dostoevsky), "Les Misérables" (a cewar V. Hugo), "Pygmalion" (a cewar B. Shaw), "Sace" (a cewar Sh. F. Ramyu), "Kyaftin Fracas" (a cewar T. Gauthier), "Napoleon", "Flight over Atlantic".

Ayyukan adabi: Ƙwararren burbushin halittu, Lausanne (1948); Je suis compositeur, (P., 1951) (Fassarar Rashanci – Ni mawaki ne, L., 1963); Nachklang. Schriften, Hotuna. Documente, Z., (1957).

References: Shneerson GM, kiɗan Faransa na karni na XX, M., 1964, 1970; Yarustovsky B., Symphony game da yaki da zaman lafiya, M., 1966; Rappoport L., Arthur Honegger, L., 1967; ta, Wasu Features na A. Honegger's Harmony, a cikin Sat: Matsalolin Yanayin, M., 1972; Drumeva K., Dramatic oratori na A. Honegger "Joan na Arc a kan gungumen azaba", a cikin tarin: Daga tarihin kiɗan waje, M., 1971; Sysoeva E., Wasu tambayoyi na A. Honegger's symphonism, a cikin tarin: Daga tarihin kiɗa na waje, M., 1971; nata, A. Onegger's Symphonies, M., 1975; Pavchinsky S, Ayyukan Symphonic na A. Onegger, M., 1972; George A., A. Honegger, P., 1926; Gerard C, A. Honegger, (Brux., 1945); Bruyr J., Honegger et son oeuvre, P., (1947); Delannoy M., Honegger, P., (1953); Tappolet W., A. Honegger, Z., (1954), id. (Neucntel, 1957); Jourdan-Morhange H., Mes amis musiciens, P., 1955 Guilbert J., A. Honegger, P., (1966); Dumesnil R., Histoire de la musique, t. 1959- La première moitiè du XX-e sícle, P., 5 (Fassarar Rashanci na gutsuttsura - Dumesnil R., Mawallafin Faransanci na zamani na ƙungiyar shida, ed. da labarin gabatarwa M. Druskina, L., 1960); Peschotte J., A. Honegger. L'homme et son oeuvre, P., 1964.