Tarihi na baritone
Bariton – kidan kide kide kide kide ajin violet. Babban bambanci daga sauran kayan aikin wannan ajin shine cewa baritone yana da igiyoyin bourdon masu tausayi. Lambar su na iya zama daban-daban - daga 9 zuwa 24. Ana sanya waɗannan igiyoyi a ƙarƙashin fretboard, kamar dai a cikin sarari. Wannan jeri yana taimakawa wajen ƙara sautin manyan igiyoyi yayin wasa da su da baka. Hakanan zaka iya kunna sauti tare da pizzicato babban yatsa. Abin baƙin ciki, tarihi ya tuna kadan game da wannan kayan aiki.
Har zuwa karshen karni na 18, ya shahara a Turai. Yariman Hungary Esterházy yana son kunna baritone; Shahararrun mawaƙa Joseph Haydn da Luigi Tomasini sun rubuta masa waƙa. A matsayinka na mai mulki, an rubuta abubuwan haɗin su don kunna kida uku: baritone, cello da viola.
Tomasini dan wasan violin ne kuma shugaban kungiyar makada na Yarima Estrehazy. Ayyukan Joseph Haydn, wanda kuma ya yi aiki ƙarƙashin kwangila a kotun dangin Esterhazy, sun haɗa da tsara guntu na mawaƙa na kotu. Da farko Haydn har ma ya sami tsawatawa daga yarima don bai ba da lokaci mai yawa don rubuta abubuwan da aka tsara don sabon kayan aikin ba, bayan haka mawaki ya fara aiki sosai. A matsayinka na mai mulki, duk ayyukan Haydn sun ƙunshi sassa uku. An buga kashi na farko a hankali a hankali, na gaba a cikin sauri, ko kuma an canza salon sautin, babban rawar sautin ya faɗi akan baritone. An yi imanin cewa, Yariman da kansa ya yi waƙar baritone, Haydn ya buga viola, kuma mawaƙin kotu ya buga cello. Sautin kayan kida uku ba a saba gani ba don kidan ɗakin. Yana da ban mamaki yadda igiyoyin baka na baritone suka haɗu da viola da cello, kuma igiyoyin da aka zare sun yi kama da bambanci a cikin dukan ayyukan. Amma, a lokaci guda, wasu sauti sun haɗu tare, kuma yana da wuya a bambanta kowane ɗayan kayan aikin guda uku. Haydn ya tsara dukkan abubuwan da ya tsara a cikin nau'ikan littattafai guda 5, wannan gadon ya zama mallakin sarki.
Yayin da lokaci ya ci gaba, salon wasan kida uku ya canza. Dalili kuwa shi ne, yarima ya girma a cikin fasahar wasan kirtani. Da farko, duk abubuwan da aka tsara sun kasance a cikin maɓalli mai sauƙi, tare da lokaci maɓallan sun canza. Abin mamaki, a ƙarshen rubutun Haydn na juzu'i na uku, Esterhazy ya riga ya san yadda ake wasa da baka da tara, yayin wasan kwaikwayon ya canza sauri daga wannan hanya zuwa wani. Amma ba da daɗewa ba yariman ya zama mai sha'awar sabon nau'in kerawa. Saboda wahalan wasan baritone da rashin jin daɗi da ke tattare da yin gyare-gyare masu yawa, a hankali suka fara mantawa da shi. Ƙarshen wasan kwaikwayo tare da baritone shine a cikin 1775. Har yanzu kwafin kayan aikin yana cikin katangar Prince Estrehazy a Eisenstadt.
Wasu masu suka dai na ganin cewa duk wani kade-kade da aka rubuta don baritone sun yi kama da juna, wasu kuma suna jayayya cewa Haydn ya rubuta wakar don wannan kayan aikin ba tare da tsammanin za a yi ta a wajen fadar ba.
