Jouhikko: bayanin kayan aiki, abun da ke ciki, tarihi, amfani, fasaha na wasa

Jouhikko kayan aiki ne na katako, wanda aka saba da shi a al'adun Finnish da na Karelian, ana amfani da su don yin ayyukan gargajiya. Dangane da rarrabuwa, nasa ne na wayoyi na chordophones. Yana da tsarin quint na huɗu ko huɗu.

Kayan kida yana da na'ura mai sauƙi:

• wani tushe na katako a cikin nau'i na trough tare da hutu a tsakiya. An yi tushe daga spruce, Birch, Pine;
• wuyansa mai fadi wanda yake a tsakiya, yana da yanke don hannu;
• kirtani a cikin nau'i-nau'i daban-daban, daga 2 zuwa 4. A baya can, gashin doki, veins na dabba suna aiki a matsayin kayan aiki, samfurori na zamani suna sanye da ƙarfe ko igiyoyi na roba;
• arcuate baka.

An ƙirƙira Jouhikko kusan a cikin ƙarni na 70-80th. Asalin sunan "youhikantele" an fassara shi da "kantele baka". An katse amfani da wannan kayan aiki na musamman na kirtani na dogon lokaci, al'adar wasa ta dawo a farkon karni na XNUMX. Sabuwar rayuwa ta baka na Karelian ta fara ne a cikin XNUMX-XNUMX na karni na karshe: an bude cibiyoyin musamman a Helsinki don koyar da Play, abubuwan da suka dace na yin dukiyar kasa.

An yi amfani da kayan aikin gargajiya na Finnish don kunna gajerun waƙoƙin raye-raye, ƙasa da ƙasa a matsayin abin rakiyar waƙoƙi. A yau akwai 'yan wasan solo, kuma jouhikko yana cikin ƙungiyoyin kiɗan jama'a.

Yayin da yake yin waƙa, mawaƙin yana zaune, yana sanya tsarin a kan gwiwoyinsa, a wani ɗan kusurwa. Ƙananan ruwa a cikin wannan matsayi yana dogara ne akan saman ciki na cinyar dama, sashin jiki na gefe yana kwance akan cinyar hagu. Tare da bayan yatsu na hannun hagu, an saka shi cikin ramin, mai yin wasan yana manne kirtani, yana fitar da sautin. Da hannun dama suna jagorantar kirtani da baka. Ana fitar da sautuna masu jituwa akan kirtani mai waƙa, sautin bourdon akan sauran.