Hermann Scherchen |

Herman Scherchen ne adam wata

Babban jigon Hermann Scherchen ya tsaya a cikin tarihin gudanar da zane-zane daidai gwargwado tare da haske kamar Knappertsbusch da Walter, Klemperer da Kleiber. Amma a lokaci guda Sherchen ya mamaye wuri na musamman a cikin wannan jerin. Mai tunani na kiɗa, ya kasance mai sha'awar gwaji da bincike duk rayuwarsa. Ga Sherhen, matsayinsa na mai fasaha ya kasance na biyu, kamar dai an samo shi daga duk ayyukansa a matsayin mai kirkiro, tribune da majagaba na sabon fasaha. Ba wai kawai ba kuma ba don yin abin da aka riga aka sani ba, amma don taimakawa kiɗa don shimfida sababbin hanyoyi, don shawo kan masu sauraron daidaitattun hanyoyin, don ƙarfafa masu yin waƙa don bin waɗannan hanyoyi sannan kawai don yada abin da aka samu, don tabbatarwa. shi - irin wannan shine shaidar Sherhen. Kuma ya yi riko da wannan akida tun daga farkonsa har zuwa karshen rayuwarsa mai tsananin gaske da guguwa.

Sherchen a matsayin madugu ya koyar da kansa. Ya fara a matsayin ɗan wasan violist a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa ta Bluthner na Berlin (1907-1910), sannan ya yi aiki a Berlin Philharmonic. Yanayin aiki na mawaƙin, cike da kuzari da ra'ayoyi, ya kai shi ga tsayawar mai gudanarwa. Ya fara faruwa a Riga a cikin 1914. Ba da daɗewa ba yaƙin ya fara. Sherhen yana cikin sojoji, an kama shi a kurkuku kuma yana cikin kasarmu a zamanin juyin juya halin Oktoba. Abin da ya gani ya burge shi sosai, ya koma ƙasarsa a shekara ta 1918, inda da farko ya fara gudanar da ƙungiyar mawaƙa. Sa'an nan kuma a Berlin, Schubert Choir sun yi wakokin juyin juya hali na Rasha a karon farko, wanda Hermann Scherchen ya tsara tare da rubutun Jamus. Haka suka ci gaba har yau.

Tuni a cikin waɗannan shekaru na farko na ayyukan mai zane, sha'awarsa ta fasaha ta zamani ta bayyana. Bai wadatu da ayyukan kide-kide ba, wanda ke samun karuwar ma'auni. Sherchen ya kafa New Musical Society a Berlin, ya buga mujallar Melos, sadaukar da matsalolin kiɗa na zamani, kuma yana koyarwa a Makarantar Kiɗa. A shekara ta 1923 ya zama magajin Furtwängler a Frankfurt am Main, kuma a cikin 1928-1933 ya jagoranci ƙungiyar makaɗa a Königsberg (yanzu Kaliningrad), a lokaci guda kuma ya zama darektan Kwalejin Kiɗa a Winterthur, wanda ya jagoranci har zuwa 1953. Lokacin da ya hau kan mulkin Nazi, Scherchen ya yi hijira zuwa Switzerland, inda a wani lokaci ya kasance darektan kiɗa na rediyo a Zurich da Beromunster. A cikin shekaru da yawa bayan yakin, ya zagaya ko'ina cikin duniya, ya jagoranci darussan da ya kafa da kuma dakin gwaji na electro-acoustic a cikin birnin Gravesano. A wani lokaci Sherchen ya jagoranci kungiyar Orchestra Symphony Vienna.

Yana da wuya a lissafta abubuwan da aka tsara, wanda ya fara wasan kwaikwayon Sherhen a rayuwarsa. Kuma ba kawai mai yin wasan kwaikwayo ba, har ma da marubucin marubucin, wanda ya zaburar da mawaƙa da yawa. Daga cikin ɗimbin farko na farko da aka gudanar a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa akwai wasan kwaikwayo na violin na B. Bartok, guntuwar ƙungiyar makaɗa daga "Wozzeck" na A. Berg, opera "Lukull" na P. Dessau da "White Rose" na V. Fortner, "Uwar "da A. Haba da" Nocturne" na A. Honegger, aiki da mawaƙa na dukan tsararraki - daga Hindemith, Roussel, Schoenberg, Malipiero, Egk da Hartmann zuwa Nono, Boulez, Pendeecki, Maderna da sauran wakilan zamani avant-garde.

Sau da yawa ana zargin Sherchen saboda rashin iya karantawa, don ƙoƙarin yada duk wani sabon abu, gami da abin da bai wuce iyakar gwajin ba. Tabbas, ba duk abin da aka yi a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa ba ne ya sami haƙƙin zama ɗan ƙasa a matakin wasan kwaikwayo. Amma Sherchen bai yi riya ba. A rare sha'awa ga duk abin da sabon, shirye don taimaka duk wani search, ya dauki bangare a cikin su, da sha'awar samu a cikin su m, dole abu ya ko da yaushe bambanta da shugaba, sa shi musamman son da kuma kusa da m matasa.

A lokaci guda, Sherchen ba shakka ya kasance mutum mai ci gaba da tunani. Ya kasance mai sha'awar mawaƙan juyin juya hali na Yamma da kuma matasa na Soviet kiɗa. An bayyana wannan sha'awar a cikin gaskiyar cewa Sherkhen ya kasance daya daga cikin masu yin wasan kwaikwayo na farko a yamma na ayyukan da mawakan mu - Prokofiev, Shostakovich, Veprik, Myaskovsky, Shekhter da sauransu. Mai zane ya ziyarci USSR sau biyu kuma ya hada da ayyukan marubutan Soviet a cikin shirin yawon shakatawa. A shekara ta 1927, ya isa Tarayyar Soviet a karon farko Sherhen ya yi Symphony na bakwai na Myaskovskogo, wanda ya zama ƙarshen yawon shakatawa. "Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo na Myaskovsky ya zama wahayi na gaske - tare da irin wannan karfi kuma tare da irin wannan ra'ayi ya gabatar da mai gudanarwa, wanda ya tabbatar da wasansa na farko a Moscow cewa shi mai ban mamaki ne na fassarar ayyukan sabon salon. ” ya rubuta mai sukar mujallar Life of Art. , Don haka don yin magana, kyauta ta halitta don yin sabon kiɗa, Scherchen kuma ba shi da ƙarancin mai yin kida na gargajiya, wanda ya tabbatar da aikin zuciya na fasaha da fasaha na Beethoven-Weingartner fugue.

Sherchen ya mutu a ofishin madugu; ’yan kwanaki kafin mutuwarsa, ya gudanar da wani kade-kade na sabbin kade-kade na Faransanci da na Poland a Bordeaux, sannan ya jagoranci wasan opera Orpheida na DF Malipiero a wurin wakokin Florence.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek