Alto saxophone: bayanin kayan aiki, abun da ke ciki, sauti, tarihi, masu wasan kwaikwayo

A lokacin rani maraice, sha'awar faɗuwar teku, ko kuma a kan tafiya mai nisa daga Moscow zuwa St. Sai kawai saxophone yana jin dadi sosai - kayan kida wanda ke rage wahala, yana kaiwa gaba, yayi alkawarin farin ciki da sha'awar, yana annabci sa'a.

Overview

Saxophone yana da dangi mai yawa, wato, akwai nau'o'in wannan kayan aikin iska, wanda ya bambanta da sauti da sauti. A halin yanzu, nau'ikan nau'ikan 6 ana la'akari da su galibi:

• Sopranino ƙaramin kwafi ne na babban soprano, mai kama da sauti zuwa clarinet.
• Soprano saxophone mai lanƙwasa siffa da sautuna suna ƙara sautin soprano.
• Alto saxophone shine kayan aiki na farko da aka fi sani da sauti mai kama da muryar ɗan adam, yana faɗin baƙin ciki, farin ciki, da bege.
• Saxophone tenor babban kayan aiki ne, godiya ga sauti mai launi wanda ya sami shahara a jazz.
• Saxophone na Baritone - yana yin sassan kiɗan virtuoso.
• Bass saxophone - wanda aka sani a matsayin ƙwararren mai yin sauti a cikin ƙananan rajista, wannan yana rage amfani da kayan aiki a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa.

Adolf Sachs da farko ya ƙirƙiri nau'ikan kayan aikin guda goma sha huɗu, amma a yau ba duka ba ne suke ƙawata rayuwarmu da palette mafi faɗin sauti.

Na'urar kayan aiki

Duk da ƙananan girmansa, alto saxophone ya shahara tare da mawaƙa waɗanda ke yin duka na gargajiya da na jazz.

Alt yana da tsari mai rikitarwa. Daga sassa daban-daban, masu sana'a suna haɗa kayan aiki da ke yin sauti masu ban mamaki waɗanda ke damun zuciya.

Bututu a cikin nau'i na mazugi, yana faɗaɗa a gefe ɗaya - jikin saxophone tare da injin bawul-lever - daga nesa yana kama da sifa ta mai shan sigari. A cikin ɓangaren da aka shimfiɗa, jiki yana shiga cikin kararrawa, kuma a cikin kunkuntar, tare da taimakon esca, an haɗa shi tare da bakin magana, wanda ke da alhakin ingancin sauti kuma yana kama da tsarin da clarinet. Ana amfani da roba, ebonite, plexiglass ko gami da karafa don kera shi.

Sigar saxophone da ke samar da sauti ana kiranta Reed. Tare da taimakon ligature - ƙananan ƙwanƙwasa, an haɗe da redi zuwa bakin baki. A zamanin yau, ana yin wannan ɓangaren da kayan aiki na wucin gadi, amma ya kamata a yi amfani da itace. Ana yin rake ne daga ciyayi daga kudancin Faransa.

Tarihin saxophone da mahaliccinsa

A cikin 2022, zai kasance shekaru 180 tun lokacin da masanin kiɗan Belgium Antoine-Joseph Sachs (Adolf Sax) ya ƙirƙira kayan aikin ƙungiyar soja. Hakazalika, an ƙirƙiri nau'ikan kayan aiki iri 14, masu girma da sauti daban-daban. Alto saxophone shine mafi mashahuri a cikin wannan iyali.

Wadannan kayan kida suna da matsala mai yawa: an dakatar da su a Jamus saboda rashin asalin Aryan, kuma a cikin USSR saxophones an dauke su wani bangare na al'adun makiya akida, kuma an dakatar da su.

Amma bayan lokaci, komai ya canza, kuma a kowace shekara, masu sahihanci daga ko'ina cikin duniya suna taruwa a Dinant don yin fareti tare da titin balaguro da maraice, hasken wuta, don haka suna ba da kyauta ga mahaliccin kayan kiɗan.

A cikin birnin Denau, mahaifar Sax, an gina wani abin tunawa ga babban master, kuma ana iya samun hotunan saxophone a gidajen cin abinci, mashaya da wuraren shakatawa na duniya.

Ta yaya alto saxophone ke yin sauti?

Sautunan da viola ke yi ba koyaushe suke daidai da matakin bayanin kula da aka bayar a cikin maki. An bayyana wannan ta gaskiyar cewa kewayon sauti na saxophone ya ƙunshi fiye da octave biyu kuma an raba shi zuwa rajista. Zaɓin babban, na tsakiya da ƙaramar rajista yana ba da izinin yanki na kiɗan da ake kunnawa.

Faɗin ƙarar ƙarar sautin rajista na sama yana ba da ma'anar tashin hankali. Ƙarƙashin ƙaramar ƙarar ƙarar ƙarar ƙarar ƙarar ƙarar ƙarar ƙarar ƙarar ƙarar ƙarar ƙarar ƙarar ƙarar ƙarar ƙarar ƙarar ƙarar ƙarar ƙarar ƙarar ƙarar ƙarar ƙarar ƙara ce kawai za ta iya ji ta cikin lasifikar. Amma jituwa na sautuna yana haifar da ra'ayi wanda ba za a manta da shi ba na wani yanki na kiɗa. Mafi sau da yawa waɗannan su ne wasan kwaikwayo na solo na abubuwan haɗin jazz. Ba kasafai ake amfani da Alto saxophone a cikin makada ba.

Shahararrun Masu Wasa

Akwai gasa na kiɗan jazz da yawa don saxophonists a duniya. Amma babban wanda aka gudanar a Belgium a birnin denau. Masana sun kwatanta shi da gasar Tchaikovsky.

Wadanda suka yi nasara a wannan gasa sune ’yan wasa kamar: Charlie Parker, Kenny Garrett, Jimmy Dorsey, Johnny Hodges, Eric Dolphy, David Sanborn, Anthony Braxton, Phil Woods, John Zorn, Paul Desmond. Daga cikin su akwai sunayen Rasha saxophonists: Sergei Kolesov, Georgy Garanyan, Igor Butman da sauransu.

A matsayin wakili mai haske na kayan kida na jazz, saxophone koyaushe zai mamaye babban wuri. Ya iya jure wa ayyukan gargajiya a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar makaɗa kuma ya lulluɓe hazo na soyayya da jin daɗin baƙi na cafe. A ko'ina sautinsa masu ban sha'awa zai kawo farin ciki ga mutane.