Gina Bachauer |

Gina Bachauer

A farkon rabin karni na 20, bayyanar ’yan wasan pian mata ba ta zama ruwan dare kamar yadda ake yi a yanzu ba, a zamanin “yantar da mata” a gasar duniya. Amma amincewarsu a rayuwar wasan kwaikwayo ya zama abin da ya fi dacewa. Daga cikin waɗanda aka zaɓa akwai Gina Bachauer, wanda iyayenta, baƙi daga Ostiriya, suka zauna a Girka. Fiye da shekaru 40 tana rike da wurin girmamawa a tsakanin masu halartar kide-kide. Hanyarta zuwa saman ba ta kasance ba tare da wardi - sau uku tana da, a gaskiya, don sake farawa.

Yarinya ’yar shekara biyar ta fara kallon kida shi ne piano na wasan yara da mahaifiyarta ta ba ta don bikin Kirsimeti. Ba da daɗewa ba an maye gurbinsa da piano na gaske, kuma tana da shekaru 8 ta ba da kide-kide na farko a garinsu - Athens. Bayan shekaru biyu, matashin dan wasan pian ya buga Arthur Rubinstein, wanda ya shawarce ta da ta yi nazarin kiɗa sosai. Shekaru na karatu sun biyo baya - na farko a Athens Conservatory, wanda ta kammala karatunsa da lambar zinare a cikin aji na V. Fridman, sannan a Ecole Normal a Paris tare da A. Cortot.

Da kyar take samun lokacin fara fitowa a birnin Paris, an tilasta wa ’yar wasan pian ta koma gida, saboda mahaifinta ya yi fatara. Domin ya tallafa wa iyalinsa, dole ne ya manta da aikinsa na fasaha na ɗan lokaci kuma ya fara koyar da piano a Cibiyar Conservatory na Athens. Gina ta ci gaba da yin wasan pian dinta ba tare da kwarin gwiwa ba cewa za ta iya sake ba da kide-kide. Amma a cikin 1933 ta gwada sa'arta a gasar piano a Vienna kuma ta sami lambar yabo. A cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa, ta sami sa'a don sadarwa tare da Sergei Rachmaninov kuma ta yi amfani da shawararsa a cikin Paris da Switzerland. Kuma a cikin 1935, Bachauer ya yi wasa a karon farko a matsayin ƙwararren ɗan wasan pian a Athens tare da ƙungiyar makaɗa da D. Mitropoulos. Babban birnin kasar Girka a wancan lokacin an dauki lardi ne ta fuskar rayuwar al'adu, amma jita-jita game da wani hazikin dan wasan piano ya fara yaduwa a hankali. A 1937, ta yi a Paris tare da Pierre Monte, sa'an nan ya ba da kide kide a cikin biranen Faransa da kuma Italiya, samu gayyata don yin a da yawa cibiyoyin al'adu na Gabas ta Tsakiya .

Barkewar yakin duniya da mamayar kasar Girka da ‘yan Nazi suka yi ya tilasta wa mai zanen gudun hijira zuwa Masar. A cikin shekarun yaki, Bachauer ba kawai ya katse aikinsa ba, amma, akasin haka, yana kunna shi ta kowace hanya mai yiwuwa; ta ba da kide-kide fiye da 600 ga sojoji da hafsoshin sojojin kawance da suka yi yaki da ‘yan Nazi a Afirka. Amma bayan da aka ci nasara a kan farkisanci, 'yar pian ta fara aikinta a karo na uku. A cikin ƙarshen 40s, yawancin masu sauraron Turai sun sadu da ita, kuma a cikin 1950 ta yi wasan kwaikwayo a Amurka kuma, a cewar fitaccen ɗan wasan pian A. Chesins, "a zahiri ya ƙazantar da masu sukar New York." Tun daga wannan lokacin, Bachauer ya zauna a Amurka, inda ta ji daɗin shahara sosai: gidan mai zane ya adana makullin alama ga yawancin biranen Amurka, masu sauraro masu godiya sun gabatar mata. A kai a kai ta ziyarci kasar Girka, inda ake girmama ta a matsayin babbar ‘yar wasan piano a tarihin kasar, wadda ta yi a Turai da Latin Amurka; Masu sauraron Scandinavia za su tuna da kide-kide na hadin gwiwa tare da jagoran Soviet Konstantin Ivanov.

Sunan Gina Bachauer ya dogara ne akan asalin da babu shakka, sabo da, rashin fahimta kamar yadda ake iya sauti, tsohuwar salon wasanta. "Ba ta dace da kowace makaranta ba," in ji wani masanin fasahar piano kamar Harold Schonberg. “Ya bambanta da yawancin ’yan pian na zamani, ta ci gaba da zama tsantsar soyayya, halin kirki mara shakka; kamar Horowitz, ita 'yar ra'ayi ce. Amma a lokaci guda, repertore nata yana da girma sosai, kuma tana yin mawaƙa waɗanda, a zahiri, ba za a iya kiran su romantics ba. Masu sukar Jamusanci kuma sun yi iƙirarin cewa Bachauer "dan wasan pian ne a cikin babban salon al'adar kirki na karni na XNUMX."

Lalle ne, lokacin da kuka saurari faifan faifan pian, wani lokacin kamar ta kasance kamar "an haife shi a makare". Kamar dai duk abubuwan da aka gano, da duk raƙuman ruwa na duniya pianistic, mafi fa'ida, wasan kwaikwayo ya wuce ta. Amma sai ka gane cewa wannan ma yana da nasa fara'a da asalinsa, musamman lokacin da mai zane ya yi babban kide-kide na Beethoven ko Brahms a kan babban sikeli. Don ba za a iya hana shi gaskiya ba, sauƙi, ma'anar salon salo da tsari, kuma a lokaci guda ba tare da wata ma'ana "mace" ƙarfi da sikelin ba. Ba abin mamaki ba ne Howard Taubman ya rubuta a cikin The New York Times, yana bitar ɗaya daga cikin kide-kide na Bachauer: “Ra’ayoyinta sun fito ne daga yadda aka rubuta aikin, ba daga waɗannan ra’ayoyin game da shi da aka gabatar daga waje ba. Tana da iko da yawa wanda, da yake iya ba da duk cikakkiyar cikakkiyar sauti, tana iya yin wasa tare da sauƙi na musamman kuma, har ma a cikin mafi girman tashin hankali, kiyaye zaren haɗin kai.

An bayyana halayen ƴan wasan pian ɗin a cikin waƙa mai faɗi sosai. Ta buga ayyuka da yawa - daga Bach, Haydn, Mozart zuwa zamaninmu, ba tare da, a cikin kalmominta, wasu tsinkaya ba. Amma yana da kyau a lura cewa wasan kwaikwayon nata ya haɗa da ayyuka da yawa da aka kirkira a cikin karni na XNUMX, daga Concerto na Uku na Rachmaninov, wanda aka yi la'akari da shi ɗaya daga cikin "dawakai" na pianist, zuwa guntun piano na Shostakovich. Bachauer shi ne dan wasa na farko na wasan kide-kide da Arthur Bliss da Mikis Theodorakis suka yi, kuma da yawa daga cikin mawakan matasa. Wannan gaskiyar ita kaɗai tana magana game da iyawarta na fahimta, ƙauna da haɓaka kiɗan zamani.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.