Maza da mata na rera muryoyin

Dukkan muryoyin waka sun kasu zuwa manyan muryoyin mata su ne, kuma mafi yawan muryoyin mazaje.

Duk sautunan da za a iya rerawa ko kunna su akan kayan kida sune . Lokacin da mawaƙa ke magana game da sautin sauti, suna amfani da kalmar , ma'ana duka ƙungiyoyin sauti masu tsayi, matsakaici ko ƙananan.

A ma'anar duniya, muryoyin mata suna rera sauti na babban rajista ko na "babba", muryoyin yara suna rera sautin rajista na tsakiya, muryar maza kuma suna rera sautin ƙarami ko na "ƙasa". Amma wannan wani bangare ne kawai gaskiya; a gaskiya, duk abin da ya fi ban sha'awa. A cikin kowane rukuni na muryoyin, har ma a cikin kewayon kowane murya, akwai kuma rarrabuwa zuwa babba, tsakiya da ƙaramar rajista.

Misali, babbar murya ta namiji ita ce tenor, tsakiyar murya ita ce baritone, kuma karamar murya bass ce. Ko kuma, wani misali, mawaƙa suna da murya mafi girma - soprano, tsakiyar murya na mawaƙa shine mezzo-soprano, kuma ƙananan murya yana contralto. Don ƙarshe fahimtar rarrabuwa na namiji da mace, kuma a lokaci guda, muryoyin yara zuwa babba da ƙananan, wannan kwamfutar hannu zai taimake ku:

Idan muka yi magana game da rajista na kowace murya ɗaya, to, kowannensu yana da ƙananan ƙararraki da manyan sauti. Misali, tenor yana rera ƙananan sautin ƙirji da manyan sautin falsetto, waɗanda ba su isa ga basses ko baritones.

Mace na rera muryoyin

Don haka, manyan nau'ikan muryoyin waƙar mata sune soprano, mezzo-soprano da contralto. Sun bambanta da farko a cikin kewayon, kazalika da canza launin timbre. Kaddarorin Timbre sun haɗa da, misali, bayyananniyar haske, haske ko, akasin haka, jikewa, da ƙarfin murya.

Soprano - mafi girman muryar mace mai rairayi, zangonsa na yau da kullun shine octaves guda biyu (gaba ɗaya octave na farko da na biyu). A cikin wasan kwaikwayo na opera, mawaƙa masu irin wannan murya suna yin rawar da manyan jarumai suka taka. Idan muka yi magana game da hotuna masu zane-zane, to, sautin murya mai girma ya fi dacewa da yarinya yarinya ko wani hali mai ban mamaki (misali, almara).

Sopranos, bisa ga yanayin sautin su, an raba su - kai kanka zaka iya tunanin cewa sassan yarinya mai tausayi da yarinya mai ban sha'awa ba za a iya yin su ta hanyar wasan kwaikwayo guda ɗaya ba. Idan murya cikin sauƙi yana jure wa saurin sauri da alheri a cikin babban rajistarsa, to ana kiran irin wannan soprano.

Mezzo-soprano - muryar mace tare da sauti mai kauri da ƙarfi. Kewayon wannan muryar octaves biyu ne (daga ƙaramar octave zuwa sakan daya). Mezzo-sopranos yawanci ana sanya su a matsayin mata masu tasowa, masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi a cikin hali.

Contralto – An riga an ce wannan shi ne mafi ƙasƙanci na muryoyin mata, haka kuma, kyakkyawa sosai, ƙwanƙwasa, kuma da wuya sosai (a wasu gidajen opera babu ko da guda ɗaya). Mawaƙi mai irin wannan murya a wasan operas galibi ana ba shi matsayin samari.

A ƙasa akwai tebur ɗin da ke ba da misalan ayyukan wasan opera waɗanda sau da yawa wasu muryoyin mawaƙa mata ke yi:

Bari mu saurari yadda muryoyin waƙar mata ke sauti. Ga misalai na bidiyo guda uku a gare ku:

Soprano. Aria na Sarauniya na dare daga opera "The Magic sarewa" na Mozart wanda Bela Rudenko ya yi.

Mezzo-soprano. Habanera daga wasan opera Carmen ta Bizet ta shahararriyar mawakiya Elena Obraztsova

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FSJzsEfkwzA

Contralto. Ratmir's aria daga opera "Ruslan da Lyudmila" na Glinka, wanda Elizaveta Antonova ya yi.

Maza na rera muryoyin

Akwai manyan muryoyin maza guda uku kawai - tenor, bass da baritone. mawaki Daga cikin waɗannan, mafi girma, kewayon filin sa shine bayanin kula na ƙanana da octaves na farko. Ta hanyar kwatanci tare da timbre na soprano, masu wasan kwaikwayo tare da wannan timbre sun kasu kashi. Bugu da kari, wani lokacin sukan ambaci irin mawaka iri-iri kamar. "Hali" ana ba shi ta wasu tasirin sauti - misali, silveriness ko rattling. Siffar teno kawai ba za a iya maye gurbinsa ba inda ya zama dole don ƙirƙirar hoton dattijo mai launin toka ko wani ɗan iska mai wayo.

Bariton - Ana bambanta wannan muryar ta taushi, yawa da sauti mai laushi. Kewayon sautunan da baritone zai iya rera daga A babbar octave zuwa A na farko octave. Masu yin irin wannan timbre sau da yawa ana ba su amana da ƙarfin hali na haruffa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na jarumtaka ko yanayin kishin ƙasa, amma taushin murya yana ba su damar bayyana hotuna masu ƙauna da waƙoƙi.

Bass - muryar ita ce mafi ƙasƙanci, tana iya rera sauti daga F na babban octave zuwa F na farko. Basses sun bambanta: wasu suna mirgina, "droning", "kamar kararrawa", wasu suna da wuyar gaske kuma suna da "mai hoto". Saboda haka, sassan haruffa na basses sun bambanta: waɗannan jarumtaka ne, "mahaifi", da ascetic, har ma da hotuna masu ban dariya.

Wataƙila kuna sha'awar sanin wanne daga cikin muryoyin waƙar maza ne ya fi ƙanƙanta? Wannan bass profundo, wani lokacin ma ana kiran mawaka masu irin wannan murya Octavists, Tun da suna "ɗauka" ƙananan bayanin kula daga counter-octave. Af, har yanzu ba mu ambaci muryar namiji mafi girma ba - wannan teno-altino or countertenor, wanda ke raira waƙa cikin nutsuwa cikin kusan muryar mata kuma cikin sauƙi ya isa babban bayanin kula na octave na biyu.

Kamar yadda yake a cikin al'amarin da ya gabata, ana nuna muryoyin mawaƙa na maza tare da misalan ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin tebur:

Yanzu ku saurari sautin muryoyin waƙar maza. Anan akwai ƙarin misalan bidiyo guda uku a gare ku.

Tenor. Song na baƙon Indiya daga wasan opera "Sadko" na Rimsky-Korsakov, wanda David Poslukhin ya yi.

Bariton. Soyayyar Gliere "Da daɗi da raira waƙar dare," Leonid Smetannikov ya rera.

Bass Prince Igor aria daga Borodin ta opera "Prince Igor" aka asali rubuta domin baritone, amma a cikin wannan harka da aka rera daya daga cikin mafi kyau basses na karni na 20 - Alexander Pirogov.

Yanayin aiki na muryar ƙwararriyar ƙwararriyar muryar mawaƙi yawanci octafe biyu ne akan matsakaita, kodayake wani lokacin mawaƙa da mawaƙa suna da iyawa sosai. Domin ku sami kyakkyawar fahimtar tessitura lokacin zabar bayanin kula don aiki, Ina ba ku shawarar ku saba da hoton, wanda ke nuna a fili kewayon da aka halatta ga kowane muryoyin:

Kafin kammalawa, Ina so in faranta muku da ƙarin kwamfutar hannu guda ɗaya, wanda zaku iya sabawa da mawaƙa waɗanda ke da sautin murya ɗaya ko wata. Wannan ya zama dole domin ku sami kanku ku saurari ƙarin misalan sauti na sautin muryar maza da mata:

Shi ke nan! Mun yi magana game da irin nau'ikan muryoyin mawaƙa, mun zayyana mahimman abubuwan da aka rarraba su, girman jeri, ƙarfin bayyanan katako, sannan kuma mun saurari misalan sautin muryoyin mashahuran mawaƙa. Idan kuna son kayan, raba shi akan shafin tuntuɓar ku ko akan abincin ku na Twitter. Akwai maɓalli na musamman a ƙarƙashin labarin don wannan. Sa'a!