Krystian Zimerman |

Krystian Zimerman

Saurin haɓakar fasaha na ɗan wasan Yaren mutanen Poland da alama yana da ban mamaki: a cikin 'yan kwanaki na gasar IX Chopin a Warsaw, ɗalibin 18 mai shekaru XNUMX na Katowice Academy of Music ya tafi gaba ɗaya daga duhun talakawa. mawaki don daukakar matashin wanda ya lashe daya daga cikin manyan gasa na zamaninmu. Mun ƙara da cewa ya zama ba kawai ƙarami nasara a cikin tarihin gasar ba, amma kuma ya lashe duk ƙarin kyaututtuka - don wasan kwaikwayo na mazurkas, polonaises, sonatas. Kuma mafi mahimmanci, ya zama tsafi na gaskiya na jama'a kuma ya fi so ga masu suka, wanda a wannan lokacin ya nuna rashin daidaituwa tare da yanke shawara na juri. Ana iya ba da misalai kaɗan na sha'awar gabaɗaya da jin daɗin cewa wasan mai nasara ya haifar - wanda ya tuna, watakila, nasarar Van Cliburn a Moscow. "Ba shakka wannan yana daya daga cikin 'yan wasan pianoforte na gaba - wani abu da ba kasafai ake samun shi a yau ba a gasa da kuma wajensu," in ji wani dan kasar Ingila B. Morrison, wanda ya halarci gasar ...

• Kiɗa na Piano a cikin kantin sayar da kan layi OZON.ru

Yanzu, duk da haka, idan muka yi watsi da yanayin da aka saba na ban sha'awa wanda ya mamaye Warsaw, duk wannan ba ze zama ba zato ba tsammani. Kuma farkon bayyanar da baiwar yaron, wanda aka haifa a cikin iyali na kiɗa (mahaifinsa, sanannen dan wasan pian a Katowice, da kansa ya fara koya wa ɗansa yin piano tun yana ɗan shekara biyar), da sauri. nasarori a karkashin jagorancin kawai kuma dindindin jagoranci Andrzej Jasiński daga shekaru bakwai, a talented artist, saki a 1960 a matsayin lashe gasar mai suna bayan M. Canalier a Barcelona, ​​amma nan da nan ya watsar da wani m concert aiki. A ƙarshe, a lokacin gasar Warsaw, Kirista ya sami gogewa sosai (ya fara yin wasa tun yana ɗan shekara takwas sannan kuma ya fara wasa a talabijin a karon farko), kuma bai kasance novice a cikin yanayin gasa ba: shekaru biyu kafin. cewa, ya riga ya sami lambar yabo ta farko a gasar a Hradec-Králové (wanda yawancin masu sauraro ba su sani ba, saboda ikon wannan gasar yana da girman kai). Don haka, komai ya zama kamar an fahimta sosai. Kuma, tunawa da wannan duka, da yawa masu shakka jim kadan bayan gasar sun rage sautin su, sun fara daga murya, a shafukan jaridu, don nuna shakku game da ko matashin mai nasara zai iya ci gaba da ci gaba mai ban sha'awa na magabata, wanda ba tare da togiya ba. ya zama sanannun masu fasaha a duniya. Bayan haka, ya zama dole ya sake yin karatu da karatu…

Amma a nan abu mafi ban mamaki ya faru. Wasan kide kide da wake-wake da rubuce-rubuce na Tsimerman nan da nan ya tabbatar da cewa shi ba matashin mawaki ne kawai ba, amma yana da shekaru 18 da haihuwa ya riga ya balaga, mai fasaha mai jituwa. Ba wai ba shi da kasawa ko kuma ya riga ya fahimci duk hikimar fasaharsa da fasaharsa; amma ya kasance yana sane da ayyukansa - na farko da na "na nesa", don haka da tabbaci da manufa ya warware su, wanda ya sa ya rufe masu shakka cikin sauri. Ci gaba da gajiyawa, ya sake cika waƙar tare da ayyukan gargajiya da ayyukan mawaƙa na ƙarni na XNUMX, nan da nan ya musanta fargabar cewa zai ci gaba da kasancewa "ƙwararren Chopin"…

Kasa da shekaru biyar bayan haka, a zahiri Zimerman ya ja hankalin masu sauraro a Turai, Amurka, da Japan. Kowannen kide-kide nasa na gida da waje yana juyewa zuwa wani taron, yana haifar da martani mai karfi daga masu sauraro. Kuma wannan martanin ba kwata-kwata bane amsawar nasarar Warsaw, a maimakon haka, akasin haka, shaidar cin nasara da jajircewar da ke da alaƙa da babban tsammanin. Akwai irin wannan damuwa. Alal misali, bayan da ya fara halarta a London (1977), D. Methuen-Campbell ya lura: “Hakika, yana da yuwuwar zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ’yan wasan pian na wannan ƙarni – babu shakka game da hakan; amma yadda zai iya cimma irin wannan buri – za mu gani; dole ne mutum ya yi fatan cewa yana da kyakkyawar fahimta da ƙwararrun masu ba da shawara… ”…

Bai ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo ba Zimerman ya tabbatar da kansa. Ba da daɗewa ba, sanannen ɗan Faransan nan Jacques Longchamp ya ce a cikin jaridar Le Monde: “Masu tsattsauran ra’ayi na Piano da idanu masu zafi suna jiran abin mamaki, kuma sun samu. Ba shi yiwuwa a yi wasa da Chopin da fasaha da kyau fiye da wannan kyakkyawan matashin mai farin gashi mai idanu shudin sama. Ƙwarewarsa ta pianistic ba ta da tabbas - mafi ƙarancin ma'anar sauti, bayyanannen sautin polyphony, ɓarke ​​​​dukkanin cikakkun bayanai dalla-dalla, kuma a ƙarshe, haske, pathos, ƙwarewar kunna kiɗan - duk wannan abin ban mamaki ne don shekaru 22. - old guy ”… 'Yan jarida sun rubuta game da mai zane a cikin sautunan Jamus, Amurka, Ingila, Japan. Mujallun kiɗa masu mahimmanci suna gabatar da bita game da kide-kide na kide-kide tare da kanun labarai waɗanda a cikin kansu suka ƙaddara ƙarshen mawallafa: "Fiye da dan wasan pian", "Pianistic hazaka na karni", "Phenomenal Zimerman", "Chopin a matsayin nau'i na zama". Ba wai kawai an sanya shi a kan daidai da irin waɗannan mashahuran da aka sani na ƙarni na tsakiya kamar Pollini, Argerich, Olsson, amma sun yi la'akari da yiwuwar kwatanta tare da Kattai - Rubinstein, Horowitz, Hoffmann.

Ba lallai ba ne a faɗi, shaharar Zimerman a ƙasarsa ta zarce ta kowane mai fasaha na Poland na wannan zamani. Wani lamari na musamman: lokacin da a cikin kaka na 1978 ya sauke karatu daga Kwalejin Kiɗa a Katowice, an gudanar da kide-kide na digiri a cikin babban dakin taro na Śląska Philharmonic. A maraice uku an cika makil da masoya kiɗa, kuma jaridu da mujallu da yawa sun ba da bita na waɗannan kide-kide. Kowane sabon babban aikin mai zane yana karɓar amsa a cikin latsawa, kowane sabon rikodin sa yana tattaunawa da ƙwararrun ƙwararru.

Abin farin ciki, a fili, wannan yanayi na bautar duniya da nasara bai juya kan mai zane ba. Akasin haka, idan a cikin shekaru biyu ko uku na farko bayan gasar ya zama kamar yana shiga cikin guguwar rayuwa ta shagali, to ya takaita yawan wasanninsa, ya ci gaba da yin aiki mai zurfi don inganta kwarewarsa, ta amfani da abokantaka. Taimakon A. Yasinsky.

Tsimerman ba'a iyakance ga kiɗa ba, sanin cewa mai fasaha na gaske yana buƙatar hangen nesa mai zurfi, da ikon duba duniyar da ke kewaye da shi, da fahimtar fasaha. Bugu da kari, ya koyi harsuna da yawa kuma, musamman, yana magana da karantawa sosai cikin Rashanci da Ingilishi. A cikin kalma, tsarin halittar mutum yana ci gaba, kuma a lokaci guda, ana inganta fasaharsa, an wadata shi da sababbin siffofi. Tafsirin ya zama mai zurfi, mai ma'ana, ana yin amfani da fasaha. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa kwanan nan "har yanzu saurayi" Zimerman an zargi shi saboda wuce gona da iri na tunani, bushewar nazari na wasu fassarori; a yau, jin daɗinsa ya ƙara ƙarfi da zurfi, kamar yadda babu shakka an tabbatar da fassarar duka wasan kwaikwayo da 14 waltz na Chopin, sonatas na Mozart, Brahms da Beethoven, Liszt's Concerto na Biyu, Rachmaninov's First and Third Concertos, da aka rubuta a cikin rikodin na 'yan shekarun nan. . Amma a bayan wannan balaga, tsohon kyawawan halaye na Zimerman, wanda ya kawo masa irin wannan shahararsa, ba sa shiga cikin inuwa: sabobin kiɗan kiɗan, fa'ida mai fa'ida na rubuce-rubucen sauti, ma'auni na cikakkun bayanai da ma'anar rabo, lallashi ma'ana da ingancin ra'ayoyi. Kuma ko da yake wani lokacin ya kasa guje wa wuce gona da iri bravura, ko da takun sa wani lokacin ya zama kamar hadari, ya bayyana ga kowa da kowa cewa wannan ba laifi ba ne, ba sa ido ba ne, amma kawai cikar ikon ƙirƙira.

Da yake taƙaita sakamakon shekaru na farko na aikin fasaha mai zaman kansa, ɗan ƙasar Poland, masanin kiɗan Jan Weber ya rubuta: “Ina bin aikin Kirista Zimerman da hankali sosai, kuma yadda ɗan wasan pian ɗinmu yake ja-gora yana burge ni sosai. Nawa ne fatan wadanda suka lashe kyaututtukan farko, wadanda aka samu a gasa marasa adadi, suka kone kurmus a nan take saboda yadda ake amfani da basirarsu ta rashin hankali, amfani da shi ba tare da ma'ana ba, kamar a cikin zaman jin dadi! Hasashen gagarumin nasara da ke samun goyan bayan babban sa'a shine rugujewar da kowane slick impresario ke amfani da shi, wanda kuma ya rikitar da dimbin matasa masu butulci. Wannan gaskiya ne, ko da yake tarihi ya san misalan irin waɗannan ayyukan da suka ci gaba ba tare da cutar da masu fasaha ba (alal misali, aikin Paderewski). Amma tarihi da kansa ya ba da wani misali na daban daga shekarun da ke kusa da mu - Van Cliburn, wanda ya yi farin ciki da daukakar wanda ya lashe gasar Tchaikovsky ta farko a 1958, kuma shekaru 12 bayan haka kawai rushewa ya ragu. Shekaru biyar na ayyukan pop Tsimerman ya ba da dalilai don tabbatar da cewa baya niyyar tafiya ta wannan hanyar. Kuna iya tabbatar da cewa ba zai kai ga irin wannan rabo ba, tun da yake yana yin kadan kuma kawai inda yake so, amma ya tashi kamar yadda zai yiwu.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya., 1990