Cikakkun bayanai |
Cikakkun bayanai, cikakken ƙwaƙƙwaran - ƙaramar ma'anar jituwa D - T ko S - T (duba Cadence). A cikin classic Abubuwan zuwa. D da S ana gabatar da su zuwa osn. nau'ikan maɗaukaki akan V da IV Art. damuwa, kuma T yana cikin ma'auni mai nauyi, prem. a kan nauyinsa mai nauyi. Kalmar "P. ku.” yana nuna cikar ƙuduri, zurfin cirewar jituwa. tashin hankali, kuma ba akan cikar abubuwan da ke tattare da shi ba, watau amfani da duk ayyukan tonal a cikinsa. Saboda haka, P. to. za a iya kafa a matsayin jituwa, rufe dukan uku main. ayyuka (SDT, mafi yawan nau'in P. zuwa.), da rashin cikar wakilta su. Misali, a cikin Fugue Cadenzas na ƙarshe na JS Bach a cikin C-dur daga 1st juzu'i na Clavier Well-Tempered (sanduna 23-24) abun da ke ciki P. to. IVI; a karshen Kyrie II na "Mass na Paparoma Marcello" na Palestrina I-IV (II65) -I. Samfurin P. zuwa., wakilta ta maƙallan tushe guda uku. ayyuka:
JS Baci. Gabatarwa a cikin manyan F daga juzu'i na 2 na Clavier mai tsananin zafin rai.
harmonic P. zuwa. tarihi ya riga mai kai daya. Ƙarshe mai daɗi, wanda ake kira punctum (Latin punctum; kuma finalis, terminus), zai ƙare. (cikakken) a cikin Zabura. nau'ikan waƙoƙin Gregorian, mai ba da amsa ga tsattsauran ra'ayi (duba Half cadence):
A wasu lokuta. A cikin siffofin tsakiyar zamanai da kuma Renaissance, P. to. (ya ƙare ƙarar) yana bayyana ƙarƙashin sunan clausula ko clausuni (Faransanci clos), yana mai da martani ga tsaka-tsaki (duba misali na 1 akan shafi na 368). Ana samun kalmar clausuni a J. de Groheo (c. 1300), E. de Murino (c. 1400).
A cikin kiɗa na zamani dangane da canjin jituwa. tsarin a P. zuwa. Masu jituwa na kowane matakai 12 na iya shiga, gami da. da waɗanda ba na diatonic ko ga gauraye manyan-kananan tsarin:
SS Prokofiev. "Fleeting", No 10.
(A cikin Pk daga wasan da SS Prokofiev ya buga, tonic yana gaba da jituwa ta tritone - babban matakin IV, na cikin tsarin chromatic.)
P. ku. Hakanan zai iya ƙunshi tonic dissonant (rikitaccen) (misali, a cikin ƙarshen ayyukan AN Scriabin, a cikin SS Prokofiev, IF Stravinsky, A. Berg, Messiaen, da sauransu). Ayyukan tsarin P. zuwa. za a iya kiyaye su cikin jituwa. tsarin nesa da manya da ƙananan (RS Ledenev, Piece for kirtani, quartet da garaya, op. 16 No 6, sanduna 13-15; RK Shchedrin, 2nd piano concerto, karshen wasan karshe).
References: duba ƙarƙashin labarin Cadence.
Y. Kholopov
