Yawan aiki |
daga Girkanci polu - mai yawa da kuma lat. funstio - kisa, aiwatarwa, aiki
Haɗin ayyuka daban-daban (yawanci biyu) a cikin baƙar magana ɗaya (mafi yawancin sabani na aiki tsakanin bass ko ƙananan muryoyin da manyan muryoyin jituwa). Yana faruwa a wuraren gabobin (PI Tchaikovsky, "Eugene Onegin", Lensky's arioso daga hoto na 1st, farkon coda, masu rinjaye zuwa fis da E akan wurin tsarawa na tonic E-dur), ci gaba da sauti a cikin muryoyin tsakiya da babba. ( L. Beethoven, 32nd sonata don piano, part I, gabatarwar, sanduna 12 da 14), hadaddun fedal figuration (NA Rimsky-Korsakov, The Golden Cockerel, 3rd act, lamba 249, sanduna 7-8, a cikin kalmomin: “ Kuma ku yi ƙoƙari ku yi aure”), a wasu haɗuwa tare da sautunan da ba su da ƙarfi (musamman jinkiri; misali fad-cis-egb a ƙarshen wasan kwaikwayo na Beethoven na 9th) da madaidaicin layi (misali, chord – cambiata III na ƙaramin digiri a cikin karshe cadence na II part na 6th sonata ta SS Prokofiev; tare da muryoyi ko yadudduka motsi zuwa juna), a cikin cadence kwata-sextakcord (TD; a cikin wallafe-wallafen kiɗa, ana samun nau'i biyu: T64 da D64) , wani lokacin a cikin haɓakawa na musamman (Beethoven, haɗin T da D kafin sake maimaita sashin I na alamar 3rd phony) da dalilai masu bayyanawa (ko hoto):
L. Beethoven. Siphony na 3, motsi I.
Rikicin polyfunctional D (na kayan kirtani) da T (na ƙaho; kamar ɗagawa mafi girma) yana aiki azaman babban ƙarfin sha'awar tonic da ake tsammanin na sakewa kuma yana sanya shi bayyana. Tasirin fitarwa na babban tonal ƙarfin lantarki da aka haɓaka yana da ƙarfi na musamman.
Duk da haka, fassarar jituwa ta zamani daga matsayi na P. sau da yawa kuskure ne, tk. "Rarraba" sabon jituwa a cikin ƙananan sassa, samun dama ga hanyoyin bincike na baya, ya lalata ainihin batun bincike, maye gurbin shi tare da wasu (duba Polytonality, Polychord). Don haka, ce-fis-h chord, wanda aka gina 4th bambancin sashi na biyu na piano na 3. Ba za a iya bayyana concerto na Prokofiev azaman haɗin aikin polyfunctional na T (eh) da S (ce-fis) a cikin maɓallin e-moll; mai zaman kansa ne. Haɗin kai wanda ke yin aiki ɗaya kawai - ma'aunin tsakiya (tonics) na jituwa da aka bayar. tsarin. Haka kuma waƙar kamar cegad ko ceghd, idan ana amfani da ita (misali a cikin kiɗan jazz) azaman maɗaukaki mai zaman kanta. tonic consonance (C-dur), monofunctional, ba polyfunctional.
References: Tyulin Yu. N., Littafin daidaitawa, sashi na 2, M., 1959; nasa, Jituwa na Zamani da Asalin Tarihi, a cikin: Tambayoyin Kiɗa na Zamani, L., 1963, a cikin: Matsalolin Matsalolin Kiɗa na Ƙarni na 1, vol. 1967, M., 4; Zolochevsky VN, Modulation da polytonality, a cikin tarin: Nazarin Kiɗa na Ukrainian, vol. 1969, Kipv, 4; Rivano N., Mai karatu cikin jituwa, sashi na 1973, M., XNUMX.
Yu. Ya. Kholopov
