Eugen Szenkar |
Eugen Szenkar
Rayuwa da hanyar kirkira ta Eugen Senkar tana da matukar hadari da ban mamaki har ma da lokacinmu. A cikin 1961, ya yi bikin cika shekaru saba'in a Budapest, wani birni wanda ke da alaƙa da wani muhimmin sashi na rayuwarsa. A nan ne aka haife shi kuma ya girma a cikin dangin shahararren mawaki kuma mawaki Ferdinand Senkar, a nan ya zama madugu bayan kammala karatunsa a Kwalejin kiɗa, kuma a nan ya jagoranci ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Budapest Opera a karon farko. Koyaya, ci gaban ayyukan Senkar na gaba sun warwatse a duniya. Ya yi aiki a gidajen opera da makada a Prague (1911 – 1913), Budapest (1913 – 1915), Salzburg (1915 – 1916), Altenberg (1916 – 1920), Frankfurt am Main (1920 – 1923), Berlin (1923 – 1924) ), Kolon (1924-1933).
A cikin waɗancan shekarun, Senkar ya sami suna a matsayin mai zane mai girman kai, mai fassara da dabara na kiɗan gargajiya da na zamani. Mahimmanci, ƙware mai launi da saurin gogewa sun kasance kuma har yanzu sune ma'anar fasalin bayyanar Senkar - wasan opera da jagoran kide kide. Fasaharsa na bayyanawa yana ba da ra'ayi na musamman ga masu sauraro.
A farkon shekarun talatin, wakokin Senkar sun yi yawa sosai. Amma ginshiƙanta sun kasance mawaƙa guda biyu: Mozart a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo da Mahler a cikin zauren wasan kwaikwayo. A wannan batun, Bruno Walter yana da babban tasiri a kan m hali na artist, karkashin jagorancin Senkar yi aiki shekaru da yawa. Wani wuri mai ƙarfi a cikin repertoire kuma yana shagaltar da ayyukan Beethoven, Wagner, R. Strauss. Jagoran kuma ya ci gaba da haɓaka kiɗan Rasha: Daga cikin operas ɗin da ya yi a wancan lokacin akwai Boris Godunov, Cherevichki, Ƙaunar Lemu Uku. A ƙarshe, bayan lokaci, waɗannan sha'awar sun kasance suna haɓaka ta hanyar son kiɗan zamani, musamman don tsararrun ɗan uwansa B. Bartok.
Fascist ya sami Senkar a matsayin babban jagoran Opera na Cologne. A 1934, da artist bar Jamus da kuma shekaru uku, bisa gayyatar da Jihar Philharmonic na Tarayyar Soviet, ya jagoranci Philharmonic Orchestra a Moscow. Senkar ya bar abin lura sosai a rayuwar waƙar mu. Ya ba da dama na kide kide da wake-wake a Moscow da kuma sauran birane, da farko na da dama gagarumin ayyuka suna hade da sunansa, ciki har da Myaskovsky ta goma sha shida Symphony, Khachaturian ta farko Symphony, da kuma Prokofiev na Rasha Overture.
A cikin 1937, Senkar ya tashi tafiya, a wannan lokacin ya haye teku. Daga 1939 ya yi aiki a Rio de Janeiro, inda ya kafa kuma ya jagoranci kungiyar kade-kade ta kade-kade. Yayin da yake Brazil, Senkar ya yi abubuwa da yawa don haɓaka kiɗan gargajiya a nan; ya gabatar da masu sauraro ga abubuwan da ba a sani ba na Mozart, Beethoven, Wagner. Masu sauraron musamman sun tuna da "Bithoven cycles", wanda ya yi duka a Brazil da Amurka, tare da ƙungiyar makaɗa ta NBC.
A cikin 1950, Sencar, wanda ya riga ya zama jagora mai daraja, ya sake komawa Turai. Yana jagorantar gidajen wasan kwaikwayo da makada a Mannheim, Cologne, Dusseldorf. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, salon gudanar da zane-zane ya rasa siffofi na jin dadi maras kyau a cikinsa a baya, ya zama mai karewa da laushi. Tare da mawakan da aka ambata a sama, Senkar ya fara da son rai ya haɗa da ayyukan masu Impressionists a cikin shirye-shiryensa, yana isar da palette ɗin sauti daban-daban. A cewar masu suka, fasahar Senkar ta sami zurfin zurfi, yayin da take riƙe asali da fara'a. Har yanzu jagoran yana yawon shakatawa da yawa. A lokacin jawabinsa a Budapest, ya samu kyakkyawar tarba daga masu sauraron Hungary.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969
