Pierre Monteux |

Pierre Monteux

Pierre Monteux cikakken zamani ne a rayuwar kiɗan zamaninmu, zamanin da ya kai kusan shekaru takwas! Yawancin abubuwa masu ban mamaki suna da alaƙa da sunansa, har abada sun kasance a cikin tarihin kiɗa na ƙarni. Ya isa a faɗi cewa wannan ɗan wasan ne wanda ya fara yin irin waɗannan ayyuka kamar Wasannin Debussy, Ravel's Daphnis da Chloe, The Firebird, Petrushka, Rite of Spring, Stravinsky's The Nightingale, Symphony na uku na Prokofiev, “Cornered hat” de Falla. da sauran su. Wannan kadai yayi magana mai gamsarwa game da wurin da Monteux ya mamaye tsakanin masu gudanarwa na duniya. Amma a lokaci guda, abubuwan da ke tattare da wasan kwaikwayon nasa sun kasance na farko ga mawaƙa: mai yin, kamar dai, ya kasance a cikin inuwa. Dalilin wannan shi ne babban girman kai na Monteux, girman kai ba kawai na mutum ba, har ma na zane-zane, wanda ya bambanta salonsa na gudanarwa. Sauki, tsabta, madaidaici, auna ma'auni, rowa na motsi, cikakken rashin son faɗar kai sun kasance koyaushe a cikin Monteux. "Don sadar da ra'ayoyina ga ƙungiyar makaɗa da kuma fitar da ra'ayi na mawaƙa, don zama bawan aikin, wannan shine kawai burina," in ji shi. Kuma sauraron ƙungiyar makaɗa a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa, wani lokaci mawaƙan suna yin wasa ba tare da madugu ba. Tabbas, irin wannan ra'ayi na yaudara ne - fassarar ta kasance mai wuyar gaske, amma mai fasaha yana sarrafa shi sosai, an bayyana manufar marubucin gaba daya har zuwa ƙarshe. "Ba na buƙatar ƙarin daga mai gudanarwa" - wannan shine yadda I. Stravinsky ya kimanta fasahar Monteux, wanda ya haɗu da shi ta shekaru da yawa na kerawa da abokantaka.

Ayyukan aikin Monteux, kamar yadda yake, kiɗa na karni na sha tara zuwa kiɗa na ashirin. An haife shi a Paris a lokacin da Saint-Saens da Faure, Brahms da Bruckner, Tchaikovsky da Rimsky-Korsakov, Dvorak da Grieg har yanzu suna cikin fure. A lokacin yana da shekaru shida, Monteux ya koyi buga violin, bayan shekaru uku ya shiga ɗakin karatu, kuma bayan shekaru uku ya fara halarta a matsayin jagora. Da farko, matashin mawaƙin ya kasance mai rakiya a ƙungiyar kade-kade ta Paris, yana wasa da violin da viola a cikin ɗaki. (Yana da ban sha'awa cewa shekaru da yawa daga baya ya faru da gangan ya maye gurbin mara lafiya violist a cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo na Budapest Quartet, kuma ya taka rawarsa ba tare da sake maimaitawa ba.)

A karon farko, mai gudanarwa na Monteux ya jawo hankalin kansa sosai a cikin 1911, lokacin da ya gudanar da kide-kide na ayyukan Berlioz a cikin Paris. Wannan ya biyo bayan farko na "Petrushka" da kuma sake zagayowar da aka keɓe ga marubutan zamani. Don haka, nan da nan aka ƙaddara manyan hanyoyi guda biyu na fasahar sa. A matsayinsa na Bafaranshe na gaskiya, wanda shi ma ya mallaki alheri da lallausan fara'a a dandalin, jawabinsa na kade-kade na kasar ya kasance na kusa da shi, kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayon kidan na ’yan uwansa ya samu kamala. Wani layi kuma shi ne kiɗan zamani, wanda shi ma ya haɓaka duk rayuwarsa. Amma a lokaci guda, godiya ga babban iliminsa, dandano mai daraja da fasaha mai ladabi, Monteux ya fassara ma'anar kiɗa na ƙasashe daban-daban. Bach da Haydn, Beethoven da Schubert, mawaƙan Rasha sun mamaye wani wuri mai ƙarfi a cikin waƙarsa…

Ƙwararren gwanin mai zane ya ba shi babban nasara musamman a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, lokacin da ya jagoranci ƙungiyoyin kiɗa da yawa. Don haka, tun 1911, Monteux shine babban jagoran ƙungiyar "Rasha Ballet S. Diaghilev", na dogon lokaci ya jagoranci ƙungiyar makaɗa ta Boston da San Francisco a Amurka, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Concertgebouw a Amsterdam da Philharmonic a London. A duk tsawon wadannan shekaru, mai zane ya yi yawon shakatawa a duniya ba tare da gajiyawa ba, yana yin wasan kwaikwayo a kan wasannin kide-kide da kuma gidajen wasan opera. Ya ci gaba da aikinsa na kide-kide a cikin 1950s da 1960s, wanda ya riga ya tsufa. Kamar yadda yake a baya, mafi kyawun ƙungiyar makaɗa sun ɗauki matsayin abin girmamawa don yin wasan kwaikwayo a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa, musamman tunda ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta duniya tana ƙaunar ɗan wasan kyan gani. Sau biyu Monteux yi a cikin Tarayyar Soviet - a 1931 tare da Soviet ensembles, da kuma a 1956 tare da Boston Orchestra.

Monteux ya ba da mamaki ba kawai don tsananin ayyukansa ba, har ma ta hanyar sadaukarwarsa ta musamman ga fasaha. Tsawon kwata uku na karnin da ya shafe a fagen wasan kwaikwayo, bai fasa ko ta kwana ba, ko kade-kade daya. A cikin tsakiyar 50s, mai zane yana cikin hatsarin mota. Likitoci sun tabbatar da raunuka masu tsanani da kuma karaya na hakarkari hudu, sun yi kokarin kwantar da shi ya kwanta. Amma madugun kwandastan ya bukaci a saka masa corset, kuma a wannan maraice ya sake gudanar da wani shagali. Monteux yana cike da kuzarin ƙirƙira har zuwa kwanakinsa na ƙarshe. Ya mutu a birnin Hancock (Amurka), inda ya jagoranci makarantar rani na gudanarwa a kowace shekara.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek