George Szell (George Szell) |

George Szell

Mafi sau da yawa, masu gudanarwa suna jagorantar mafi kyawun makada, tun da sun riga sun sami shaharar duniya. George Sell ban da wannan ka'ida. Lokacin da ya karbi ragamar jagorancin kungiyar kade-kade ta Cleveland fiye da shekaru ashirin da suka wuce, ba a san shi ba kadan; Gaskiya ne, Clevelands, ko da yake sun ji daɗin suna mai kyau, wanda Rodzinsky ya lashe, ba a haɗa su a cikin ƙwararrun mawaƙa na Amurka ba. Jagora da ƙungiyar mawaƙa kamar an yi wa juna ne, kuma a yanzu, bayan shekaru ashirin, sun sami karɓuwa a duniya da kyau.

Duk da haka, Sell, ba shakka, ba a gayyace shi ba da gangan zuwa mukamin babban mai gudanarwa - an san shi sosai a Amurka a matsayin ƙwararren mawaƙi kuma ƙwararren mai tsarawa. Waɗannan halaye sun haɓaka a cikin jagora sama da shekaru da yawa na ayyukan fasaha. Dan Czech ta haihuwa, an haifi Sell kuma ya yi karatu a Budapest, kuma yana da shekaru goma sha hudu ya bayyana a matsayin mawaƙin solo a cikin wani shagali na jama'a, yana yin Rondo don piano da ƙungiyar makaɗa na nasa. Kuma yana da shekaru goma sha shida Sell ya riga ya gudanar da ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Symphony Vienna. Da farko, ayyukansa na madugu, mawaki da pianist sun ci gaba a layi daya; ya inganta kansa da mafi kyawun malamai, ya ɗauki darasi daga J.-B. Foerster da kuma M. Reger. Lokacin da Sell mai shekaru goma sha bakwai ya gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo na kade-kade a Berlin kuma ya buga kade-kade na Piano na Beethoven na biyar, Richard Strauss ya ji shi. Wannan ya yanke shawarar makomar mawakin. Shahararren mawakin ya ba shi shawarar a matsayin madugu zuwa Strasbourg, kuma daga nan Sell ya fara tsawon rayuwar nomadic. Ya yi aiki tare da ƙwararrun ƙungiyar makaɗa da yawa, ya sami kyakkyawan sakamako na fasaha, amma… kowane lokaci, saboda dalilai daban-daban, dole ne ya bar gundumominsa ya ƙaura zuwa wani sabon wuri. Prague, Darmstadt, Düsseldorf, Berlin (a nan ya yi aiki mafi tsawo - shekaru shida), Glasgow, The Hague - waɗannan su ne wasu "tsayawa" mafi tsayi a kan hanyarsa ta kirkira.

A 1941, Sell ya koma Amurka. Da zarar Arturo Toscanini ya gayyace shi don gudanar da makada na NBC, kuma wannan ya kawo masa nasara da gayyata da yawa. Shekaru hudu yana aiki a Metropolitan Opera, inda ya gabatar da wasu fitattun wasanni (Salome da Der Rosenkavalier na Strauss, Tannhäuser da Der Ring des Nibelungen na Wagner, Otello na Verdi). Sa'an nan kuma aiki ya fara da Cleveland Orchestra. A nan ne, a ƙarshe, cewa mafi kyawun halayen mai gudanarwa sun iya bayyana kansu - babban al'adun ƙwararru, ikon cimma cikakkiyar fasaha da jituwa a cikin aiki, hangen nesa mai zurfi. Duk wannan, bi da bi, ya taimaka wa Sell ya ɗaga matakin wasan ƙungiyar zuwa babban tsayi a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Har ila yau, Sell ya sami karuwa a girman girman mawaƙa (daga 85 zuwa fiye da mawaƙa 100); An ƙirƙiri ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta dindindin a ƙungiyar makaɗa, wanda ƙwararren shugaba Robert Shaw ya jagoranta. Ƙwararren jagorar ya ba da gudummawa ga fadada ko'ina na repertoire na ƙungiyar makaɗa, wanda ya haɗa da manyan manyan ayyukan gargajiya - Beethoven, Brahms, Haydn, Mozart. Ƙirƙirar su ta zama tushen shirye-shiryen jagoran. Wani muhimmin wuri a cikin repertoire shi ma kiɗan Czech yana mamaye shi, musamman kusa da halayensa na fasaha.

Sell ​​da son rai yana yin kiɗan Rasha (musamman Rimsky-Korsakov da Tchaikovsky) kuma yana aiki da marubutan zamani. A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, kungiyar kade-kade ta Cleveland, karkashin jagorancin Szell, ta yi suna a fagen kasa da kasa. Ya yi manyan yawon bude ido a Turai sau biyu (a 1957 da 1965). A lokacin tafiya ta biyu, ƙungiyar makaɗa ta yi wasan kwaikwayo a ƙasarmu na makonni da yawa. Masu sauraron Soviet sun yaba da babban gwanintar jagoran, da ɗanɗanonsa mara kyau, da kuma ikonsa na isar da ra'ayoyin mawaƙa a hankali ga masu sauraro.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969