Manyan |
Faransa majeur, Italiya. maggiore, daga lat. babba - ya fi girma; kuma dur, daga lat. durus - wuya
Yanayin, wanda ya dogara da babban (manyan) triad, da kuma launi na modal (ƙaddamar) na wannan triad. Babban tsarin sikeli (C-dur, ko manyan C):
(a matsayin triad, wanda ya yi daidai da sautunan 4th, 5th da 6th na ma'aunin yanayi, kuma a matsayin yanayin da aka gina bisa tushensa) yana da launi mai haske na sauti, sabanin launin ƙananan ƙananan, wanda shine daya daga cikin mafi girma. muhimmanci aesthetical. sabani a cikin kiɗa. M. (a zahiri "mafi rinjaye") ana iya fahimta ta cikin ma'ana mai faɗi - ba a matsayin yanayin wani tsari ba, amma azaman canza launi saboda kasancewar sauti mai girma na uku daga babba. sautunan haushi. Daga wannan ra'ayi, ingancin manyan shine halayyar babban rukuni na halaye: Ionian na halitta, Lydian, wasu pentatonic (cdega), rinjaye, da dai sauransu.
In Nar. Kiɗa da ke da alaƙa da M. hanyoyin yanayi na manyan launuka sun wanzu, a fili, sun riga sun wuce. Galibi ya dade da zama halayen wasu wakokin prof. waƙa (musamman rawa). Glarean ya rubuta a cikin 1547 cewa yanayin Ionian shine ya fi kowa a duk ƙasashen Turai kuma cewa "a cikin shekaru 400 da suka gabata, wannan yanayin ya zama abin sha'awar mawaƙa na coci wanda, saboda jin daɗinsa mai ban sha'awa, sun canza waƙoƙin Lidiya zuwa Ionian. wadanda.” Ɗaya daga cikin misalan mafi ban mamaki na farkon manyan shine shahararren Ingilishi. "Canon bazara" (tsakiyar karni na 13 (?)) "Balagagge" na kiɗa ya kasance mai tsanani musamman a cikin karni na 16 (daga kiɗan raye-raye zuwa nau'o'in nau'i na nau'i mai nau'i mai nau'i mai nau'i). Zamanin kiɗan aiki (da ƙananan) a cikin ma'anar da ta dace. Ya zo wa kiɗan Turai daga karni na 17 Sannu a hankali an 'yantar da shi daga ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodi na tsohuwar yanayin kuma daga tsakiyar karni na 18 ya sami sigar gargajiya (dogara ga manyan mawaƙa guda uku - T, D da S), ya zama babban nau'in modal. Tsari A ƙarshen karni na 19 kayan kida sun sami ɓullo da wani ɗan lokaci don haɓakawa tare da abubuwan da ba na diatonic ba da rarrabuwar kawuna a cikin kiɗan zamani, kayan kiɗan sun kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan tsarin sauti.
Yu. N. Kholopov
