Maɓallan layi ɗaya: menene kuma yadda ake samun su?

Batu na ƙarshe ya keɓe ga la'akari da irin waɗannan ra'ayoyin kiɗa kamar yanayin da tonality. A yau za mu ci gaba da yin nazarin wannan babban maudu’in da kuma yin magana game da mene ne maɓallai masu kama da juna, amma da farko za mu sake maimaita abin da ya gabata a taƙaice.

Tushen yanayin yanayi da tonality a cikin kiɗa

D - wannan rukuni ne na musamman da aka zaɓa (gamma) na sautuna, wanda a cikinsa akwai matakai na asali - tabbatattun matakai kuma akwai marasa ƙarfi waɗanda ke yin biyayya ga nagartattun. Wani yanayin yana da hali, don haka akwai nau'ikan halaye - alal misali, babba da qanana.

key - wannan shine tsayin matsayi na damuwa, saboda ana iya gina babban sikeli ko ƙarami, ana iya rera shi ko kunna shi daga kowane sauti. Za a kira wannan sautin tonic, kuma shine mafi mahimmancin sauti na tonality, mafi kwanciyar hankali kuma, daidai da haka, mataki na farko na yanayin.

Sautuna suna da sunaye, ta inda muka fahimci abin da damuwa da kuma a wane tsawo yake. Misalan sunaye masu mahimmanci: C-MAJOR, D-MAJOR, MI-MAJOR ko C-MINOR, D-MINOR, MI-MINOR. Wato sunan mabuɗin yana isar da bayanai game da muhimman abubuwa guda biyu - da farko, game da irin nau'in tonic (ko babban sauti) tonality yana da, kuma, na biyu, wane nau'in yanayin yanayin yanayin sautin yana da (menene hali - babba ko ƙananan).

A ƙarshe, maɓallan sun bambanta da juna kuma ta hanyar alamun canji, wato, ta kasancewar kowane kaifi ko filaye. Waɗannan bambance-bambancen sun samo asali ne saboda gaskiyar cewa manya da ƙananan ma'auni suna da tsari na musamman game da sautunan sauti da sauti (kara karantawa a cikin labarin da ya gabata, watau NAN). Don haka, don babba ya zama babba, ƙarami kuma ya zama ƙanana da gaske, wani lokaci wasu matakan da aka canza (da masu kaifi ko masu falo) dole ne a ƙara su zuwa ma'auni.

Misali, a cikin maɓalli na D MAJOR akwai alamomi guda biyu kawai - masu kaifi biyu (F-sharp da C-sharp), kuma a cikin maɓalli na LA MAJOR an riga an sami kaifi uku (F, C da G). Ko a cikin maɓalli na D MINOR - lebur ɗaya (B-flat), kuma a cikin F MINOR - kusan gidaje huɗu (si, mi, la da re).

Yanzu bari mu yi tambaya? Shin duk maɓallan da gaske ne, da gaske sun bambanta kuma babu ma'auni waɗanda suke kama da juna? Kuma shin da gaske akwai babban gibi da ba za a iya warwarewa ba tsakanin manya da ƙanana? Ya bayyana, a'a, suna da alaƙa da kamance, ƙari akan wancan daga baya.

Maɓallai masu layi daya

Menene kalmomin “daidaitacce” ko “daidaitacce” ke nufi? Anan akwai sanannun maganganu a gare ku kamar "layi ɗaya" ko "parallel world". Parallel shine wanda ke wanzuwa lokaci guda tare da wani abu kuma yayi kama da wannan abu. Kuma kalmar "parallel" tana kama da kalmar "biyu", wato abubuwa biyu, abubuwa biyu, ko wasu nau'i-nau'i ko da yaushe suna daidai da juna.

Layukan layi ɗaya ne guda biyu waɗanda ke cikin jirgin sama ɗaya, suna kama da juna kamar digo biyu na ruwa kuma ba sa haɗuwa (suna da alaƙa, amma ba sa haɗuwa - da kyau, ba abin mamaki bane?). Ka tuna, a cikin lissafi, layi ɗaya ana nuna su ta bugun bugun jini biyu (// kamar wannan), a cikin kiɗa, ma, irin wannan nadi zai zama karɓuwa.

Don haka, a nan akwai maɓallan layi ɗaya - waɗannan maɓallai biyu ne waɗanda suke kama da juna. Akwai abubuwa da yawa iri ɗaya a tsakanin su, amma kuma akwai bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci. Menene gama gari? Suna da kwata-kwata duk sautuna a gamayya. Tun da sautunan duka sun zo daidai, yana nufin cewa duk alamun dole ne su kasance iri ɗaya - masu kaifi da filaye. Don haka shine: maɓallan layi ɗaya suna da alamomi iri ɗaya.

Misali, bari mu dauki maɓallai guda biyu C MAJOR da A MINOR – duka a can kuma babu alamun, duk sauti ya zo daidai, wanda ke nufin waɗannan maɓallan suna layi ɗaya.

Wani misali. Maɓallin MI-FLAT MAJOR mai falo uku (si, mi, la) da maɓallin C MINOR shima tare da filaye guda uku iri ɗaya. Muna sake ganin maɓallan layi daya.

To mene ne bambanci tsakanin waɗannan kalmomi? Kuma ku da kanku a hankali ku kalli sunayen (C MAJOR // A MINOR). Me kuke tunani? Ka ga, bayan haka, maɓalli ɗaya babba ne, na biyu kuma ƙarami ne. A cikin misalin tare da nau'i na biyu (MI-FLAT MAJOR // C MINOR), daidai yake: ɗaya babba ne, ɗayan ƙanana ne. Wannan yana nufin cewa maɓallan layi ɗaya suna da kishiyar modal, yanayin kishiyar. Ɗayan maɓalli koyaushe zai kasance babba, kuma na biyu - ƙarami. Wannan daidai ne: bambance-bambance suna jawo hankali!

Menene kuma ya bambanta? Ma'aunin C-MAJOR yana farawa da bayanin kula DO, wato, bayanin kula DO a ciki shine tonic. Ma'aunin KARAMIN yana farawa, kamar yadda kuka fahimta, tare da bayanin kula LA, wanda shine tonic a cikin wannan maɓalli. Wato me zai faru? Sautunan da ke cikin waɗannan maɓallan gaba ɗaya ɗaya ne, amma suna da manyan kwamandoji daban-daban, daban-daban tonics. Ga bambanci na biyu.

Bari mu zana wasu ƙarshe. Don haka, maɓallan layi ɗaya maɓallai biyu ne waɗanda suke da sauti iri ɗaya, alamu iri ɗaya (kaifi ko filaye), amma tonics sun bambanta kuma yanayin ya bambanta (ɗayan babba ne, ɗayan ƙanana ne).

Ƙarin misalan maɓallan layi ɗaya:

• D MAJOR // B KARAMIN (duka can kuma akwai kaifi biyu - F da C);
• MANYAN // F SHARP MINOR (kaifi uku a kowane maɓalli);
• F MAJOR // D KARAMIN (lebur gama gari - B lebur);
• B FLAT MAJOR // G MINOR (gidaje biyu a can da nan - si da mi).

Ta yaya zan sami maɓalli mai layi daya?

Idan kana son sanin yadda ake tantance maɓalli na layi ɗaya, to bari mu nemo amsar wannan tambayar a zahiri. Sannan za mu tsara ka'ida.

Ka yi tunanin kawai: C MAJOR da KARAMIN maɓallai ne masu kama da juna. Kuma yanzu gaya mani: a wane matakin KAFIN BAYANI shine "shigar zuwa daidaitaccen duniya"? Ko, a wasu kalmomi, wane mataki na C MAJOR shine tonic na ƙananan ƙananan?

Yanzu bari mu yi shi topsy-turvy. Yadda ake fita daga cikin duhun ƙarami zuwa cikin daidaitaccen rana da farin ciki C MAJOR? Ina "portal" don zuwa duniyar layi daya a wannan lokacin? A wasu kalmomi, wane mataki na ƙarami shine tonic na babban layi daya?

Amsoshin suna da sauki. A cikin shari'ar farko: mataki na shida shine tonic na ƙananan ƙananan. A cikin akwati na biyu: digiri na uku za a iya la'akari da tonic na manyan layi daya. Af, ba lallai ba ne don isa zuwa mataki na shida na manyan na dogon lokaci (wato, ƙidaya matakai shida daga farkon), ya isa saukar da matakai uku daga tonic kuma za mu yi. kai wannan mataki na shida haka.

Bari mu tsara yanzu MULKI (amma bai gama ba tukuna). Don haka, don nemo tonic na ƙananan ƙarami, ya isa ya sauka matakai uku daga mataki na farko na ainihin maɓalli na asali. Don nemo tonic na manyan layi daya, akasin haka, kuna buƙatar hawa matakai uku.

Bincika wannan doka tare da wasu misalai. Kar ku manta cewa suna da alamun. Kuma idan muka hau ko saukar da matakan, dole ne mu furta waɗannan alamomi, wato, la'akari da su.

Misali, bari mu nemo karamar karamar mabudin G MAJOR. Wannan maɓalli ya ƙunshi kaifi ɗaya (F-kaifi), wanda ke nufin cewa za a sami kaifi ɗaya a cikin layi daya. Mun sauka matakai uku daga SOL: SOL, F-SHARP, MI. TSAYA! MI shine kawai bayanin da muke bukata; wannan shi ne mataki na shida kuma wannan ita ce mashigar kananan yara! Wannan yana nufin cewa maɓalli mai layi ɗaya da G MAJOR zai zama MI MINOR.

Wani misali. Bari mu nemo maɓalli mai layi daya don F MINOR. Akwai filaye guda huɗu a cikin wannan maɓalli (si, mi, la da re-flat). Mun tashi matakai uku don buɗe ƙofar zuwa manyan layi ɗaya. Mataki: F, G, A-FLAT. TSAYA! A-FLAT - anan shine sautin da ake so, anan shine maɓalli mai daraja! BABBAN FLAT shine mabuɗin da yayi daidai da F ARANA.

Yadda za a ƙayyade daidaitattun tonality ko da sauri?

Ta yaya za ku sami madaidaiciyar babba ko ƙarami har ma da sauƙi? Kuma, musamman ma, idan ba mu san menene alamun gaba ɗaya ba a cikin wannan maɓalli? Kuma bari mu sake gano tare da misalai!

Mun gano daidaici masu zuwa: G MAJOR // E MINOR da F MINOR // A FLAT MAJOR. Kuma yanzu bari mu ga menene nisa tsakanin tonics na maɓallan layi ɗaya. Distance Distance an auna ta hanyar tsaka-tsaki, kuma idan kun kasance mafi kyau a cikin taken "adadi mai inganci na tsaka-tsaki", to, zaka iya gano cewa tazara muna da sha'awar karami ce.

Tsakanin sautunan SOL da MI (ƙasa) akwai ƙaramin na uku, saboda muna tafiya ta matakai uku, da sautuna ɗaya da rabi. Tsakanin FA da A-FLAT (sama) shima ƙaramin na uku ne. Kuma tsakanin tonics na wasu ma'auni masu kama da juna, za a kuma sami tazara na ƙarami na uku.

Sai dai itace kamar haka MULKI (a sauƙaƙe kuma na ƙarshe): don nemo maɓalli mai layi daya, kuna buƙatar ware ƙaramin sulusi daga tonic - sama idan muna neman babban layi ɗaya, ko ƙasa idan muna neman ƙaramin ƙarami.

Gwaji (zaku iya tsallakewa idan komai ya bayyana)

Aikin: nemo maɓallai masu daidaitawa don C SHARP KARAMIN, B FLAT MINOR, B MANYAN, F SHARP MAJOR.

Yanke shawara: kana buƙatar gina ƙananan kashi uku. Don haka, ƙaramin na uku daga C-SHARP zuwa sama shine C-SHARP da MI, wanda ke nufin cewa MI MAJOR zai zama maɓalli mai layi ɗaya. Daga B-FLAT shi ma yana gina ƙaramin sulusi sama, saboda muna neman babban layi ɗaya, muna samun - D-FLAT MAJOR.

Don nemo ƙananan ƙarami, mun sanya na uku ƙasa. Don haka, ƙarami na uku daga SI yana ba mu G-SHARN MINOR, daidai da SI MAJOR. Daga F-SHARP, ƙaramin uku zuwa ƙasa yana ba da sautin D-SHARP kuma, bisa ga haka, tsarin D-SHARP MINOR.

Amsoshi: C-SHARP KARAMIN // MI MAJOR; B-FLAT KARAMIN // D-FLAT MAJOR; B MANYAN // G KARAMAR SHARP; F SARKI MANYAN // D KARAMAR SHARP.

Akwai nau'i-nau'i da yawa na irin waɗannan maɓallan?

Gabaɗaya, ana amfani da maɓallai dozin guda uku a cikin kiɗa, rabinsu (15) manyan ne, rabi na biyu (wasu 15) ƙanana ne, kuma, ka sani, ba maɓalli ɗaya kaɗai ba, kowa yana da biyu. Wato, ya zama cewa a cikin duka akwai maɓallai guda 15 waɗanda ke da alamomi iri ɗaya. Na yarda, nau'i-nau'i 15 sun fi sauƙin tunawa fiye da ma'auni 30?

Bugu da ari - har ma da wuya! Daga cikin nau'i-nau'i 15, nau'i-nau'i bakwai suna da kaifi (daga 1 zuwa 7 kaifi), nau'i-nau'i bakwai suna lebur (daga 1 zuwa 7 ɗakin kwana), ɗayan biyu kamar "fararen hanka" ba tare da alamu ba. Da alama kuna iya sauƙin suna waɗannan sautin tsaftar guda biyu ba tare da alamu ba. Ashe ba C MAJOR tare da KARAMIN BA?

Wato, yanzu kuna buƙatar tunawa ba maɓallan ban tsoro guda 30 tare da alamu masu ban mamaki, kuma ba ma 15 ɗan ƙaramin nau'i-nau'i masu ban tsoro ba, amma kawai lambar sihirin "1 + 7 + 7". Yanzu za mu sanya duk waɗannan maɓallan a cikin tebur don tsabta. A cikin wannan tebur na maɓallai, nan da nan za a bayyana wanda yake daidai da wane, haruffa nawa da waɗanne.

Teburin maɓallan layi ɗaya tare da alamun su

Kuna iya saukar da tebur iri ɗaya a cikin mafi kyawun tsari don amfani azaman takaddar yaudara a tsarin pdf don bugawa - DOWNLOAD

Shi ke nan a yanzu. A cikin batutuwa na gaba, za ku koyi menene maɓallan suna ɗaya, da kuma yadda ake saurin tunawa da alamun da ke cikin maɓallan, da kuma menene hanyar gano alamun da sauri idan kun manta su.

To, yanzu muna ba ku don kallon fim ɗin da aka zana da hannu tare da kiɗa mai ban mamaki ta Mozart. Da zarar Mozart ya leƙa ta taga sai ya ga rundunar sojoji tana wucewa a kan titi. Rundunar soji ta gaske sanye da kayatattun kaya, masu sarewa da ganguna na Turkiyya. Kyakkyawan da girman wannan abin kallo ya girgiza Mozart cewa a wannan rana ya hada da sanannen "Turkish Maris" (ƙarshen piano sonata No. 11) - aikin da aka sani a duk faɗin duniya.

WA Mozart "Turkish Maris"