Carl Millöcker |
Karl Millöcker
Millöcker fitaccen wakili ne na makarantar operetta ta Austria. Babban masanin wasan kwaikwayo, wanda ya kware a cikin takamaiman nau'in, duk da rashin iyawa, ya haifar da daya daga cikin manyan operetta na Austrian - "Studentan bara", a cikinsa ya yi amfani da raye-rayen raye-raye na Viennese da waƙa. melodic juya. Duk da cewa bai ƙirƙira wani gagarumin ayyuka a gaban da kuma bayan The Beggar Student, godiya ga wannan daya operetta, Millöker ya cancanci shiga cikin sahu na litattafan da Genre.
Siffofin satirical na Offenbach galibi baƙon abu ne ga mawaki. Shi mawaƙi ne kawai, kuma ayyukansa sun kasance da farko masu ban dariya masu ban dariya tare da abubuwan kiɗan Viennese na yau da kullun, tare da yanayi na yau da kullun da halaye. A cikin waƙarsa, rhythms na waltz, Maris, waƙoƙin waƙar Austrian jama'a suna sauti.
Karl Millöcker An haife shi Afrilu 29, 1842 a Vienna, a cikin dangin maƙerin zinare. Ya sami ilimin kiɗan kiɗan a ɗakin ajiyar Vienna Society of Friends of Music. A shekara ta 1858, ya fara aikinsa na kiɗa a matsayin mai yin sarewa a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗar wasan kwaikwayo. A lokaci guda, saurayin ya fara aiwatar da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan, daga minale na Vocal zuwa manyan mawuyacin aiki. Godiya ga goyon bayan Suppe, wanda ya kusantar da hankali ga ƙwararrun 'yan wasan kade-kade, yana da shekaru ashirin da biyu, ya sami wuri a matsayin mai kula da wasan kwaikwayo a Graz. A can ya fara juya zuwa operetta, yana ƙirƙirar wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu - "The Dead Guest" da "Masu Knitters Biyu".
Tun daga 1866, ya zama jagoran gidan wasan kwaikwayo na An der Wien, kuma a cikin 1868 ya fara halarta a babban birnin kasar tare da operetta na uku mai suna The Chaste Diana, wanda aka rubuta a ƙarƙashin rinjayar Offenbach. Bayan haka, wasan operetta na farko na cikakken dare, The Island of Women, an shirya shi a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Deutsches da ke Budapest, wanda tasirin Suppe ke da kyau. Wasannin ba su yi nasara ba, kuma Millöcker, wanda ya kasance darektan gidan wasan kwaikwayo na An der Wien tun 1869, ya canza na dogon lokaci don ƙirƙirar kiɗa mai rahusa don wasan kwaikwayo na ban mamaki.
A cikin ƙarshen 70s, ya sake juya zuwa operetta. Daya bayan daya, The Enchanted Castle (1878), The Countess Dubarry (1879), Apayun (1880), Maid of Belleville (1881) ya bayyana, wanda ya sa ya shahara. Aiki na gaba - "Dalibin Maroka" (1882) - ya sanya Milloker a cikin fitattun masu kirkiro na operetta. Wannan aikin ya biyo bayan The Regimental Priest, Gasparon (duka 1881), Vice Admiral (1886), The Seven Swabians (1887), Poor Jonathan (1890), The Trial Kiss (1894) , "Northern Lights" (1896). Duk da haka, ba za su iya tashi zuwa matakin "Student matalauta", duk da cewa a cikin kowane daga cikinsu akwai daban-daban haske da ban sha'awa m aukuwa. Daga cikin wadannan, bayan mutuwar mawaki, wanda ya biyo bayan Disamba 31, 1899 a Vienna, wani wajen nasara operetta "Young Heidelberg".
Bugu da ƙari ga operettas da yawa da sautin murya na farko da na kaɗe-kaɗe, abubuwan ƙirƙira na Millöker sun haɗa da ballet, guntun piano da adadi mai yawa na kiɗa don vaudeville da wasan kwaikwayo.
L. Mikheva, A. Orelovich
