Mikhail Mikhailovich Ippolitov-Ivanov |

Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov

Lokacin da ka yi tunani game da Soviet composers na mazan tsara, wanda M. Ippolitov-Ivanov mallakar, ka involuntarily mamaki versatility na su m aiki. Kuma N. Myaskovsky, da R. Glier, da M. Gnesin, da kuma Ippolitov-Ivanov rayayye nuna kansu a fannoni daban-daban a farkon shekaru bayan Babban Oktoba Socialist juyin juya halin.

Ippolitov-Ivanov ya sadu da Babban Oktoba a matsayin balagagge, balagagge mutum da mawaƙa. A wannan lokaci, shi ne mahaliccin biyar operas, da dama symphonic ayyuka, daga cikinsu akwai Caucasian zane-zane ya zama sananne, da kuma marubucin ban sha'awa mawaƙa da kuma romances, wanda ya samu m wasan kwaikwayo a cikin mutum F. Chaliapin A. Nezhdanova. , N. Kalinina, V Petrova-Zvantseva da sauransu. A m hanya Ippolitov-Ivanov fara a 1882 a Tiflis, inda ya isa bayan kammala karatunsa daga St. A cikin wadannan shekaru, matashin mawaki yana ba da kuzari sosai don yin aiki (shine darektan gidan wasan opera), yana koyarwa a makarantar kiɗa, kuma ya ƙirƙira ayyukansa na farko. Ippolitov-Ivanov na farko composing gwaje-gwaje (operas Ruth, Azra, Caucasian Sketches) ya riga ya nuna fasali halayyar style a matsayin dukan: melodic melodiousness, lyricism, gravitation zuwa kananan siffofin. Kyawawan ban mamaki na Georgia, al'adun gargajiya suna jin daɗin mawaƙin Rasha. Yana son tatsuniyar Georgian, ya rubuta waƙoƙin jama'a a cikin Kakheti a cikin 1883, kuma yana nazarin su.

A 1893, Ippolitov-Ivanov ya zama farfesa a Moscow Conservatory, inda a cikin shekaru daban-daban da yawa sanannun mawakan yi karatu a hade tare da shi (S. Vasilenko, R. Glier, N. Golovanov, A. Goldenweiser, L. Nikolaev, Yu. Engel da sauransu). Juyin ƙarni na XIX-XX. An yi masa alama ga Ippolitov-Ivanov ta farkon aikin a matsayin jagora na Opera na Rasha Private na Moscow. A kan mataki na wannan gidan wasan kwaikwayo, godiya ga hankali da kida na Ippolitov-Ivanov, wasan kwaikwayo na P. Tchaikovsky The Enchantress, Mazepa, Cherevichki, wanda ba su yi nasara ba a cikin ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo na Bolshoi Theater, an "gyara". Har ila yau, ya shirya shirye-shiryen farko na wasan kwaikwayo na Rimsky-Korsakov (Amaryar Tsar, Tale of Tsar Saltan, Kashchei the Immortal).

A 1906, Ippolitov-Ivanov ya zama na farko da aka zaba darektan na Moscow Conservatory. A cikin shekaru goma kafin juyin juya halin, ayyukan Ippolitov-Ivanov, jagoran tarurrukan symphonic na RMS da kide kide da wake-wake na kungiyar Choral Society na Rasha, sun bayyana, kambin wanda shine wasan farko a Moscow a ranar 9 ga Maris, 1913 na JS. Bach's Matiyu Passion. Bambance-bambancen abubuwan da yake so a cikin zamanin Soviet yana da faɗi da yawa. A 1918, Ippolitov-Ivanov aka zaba na farko Soviet rector na Moscow Conservatory. Ya yi tafiya zuwa Tiflis sau biyu don sake tsara Tiflis Conservatory, shi ne jagoran gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bolshoi a Moscow, yana jagorantar ajin opera a Moscow Conservatory, kuma yana ba da lokaci mai yawa don yin aiki tare da ƙungiyoyi masu son. A cikin shekarun nan, Ippolitov-Ivanov ya haifar da sanannen "Voroshilov Maris", yana nufin abubuwan al'adun gargajiya na M. Mussorgsky - ya tsara mataki a St. Basil's (Boris Godunov), ya ƙare "Aure"; ya tsara wasan opera The Last Barricade (makirci daga lokacin Kamfanin Sadarwa na Paris).

Daga cikin ayyukan na 'yan shekarun nan akwai 3 symphonic suites a kan jigogi na mutanen Soviet Gabas: "Turkiyya gutsuttsura", "A cikin steppes na Turkmenistan", "Musical hotuna na Uzbekistan". Multifaceted ayyuka na Ippolitov-Ivanov misali ne mai koyawa na rashin sha'awar hidima ga al'adun kiɗa na ƙasa.

N. Sokolov

Abubuwan da aka tsara:

wasan kwaikwayo - A kan wani furen fure ga Pushkin (wasan opera na yara, 1881), Ruth (bayan AK Tolstoy, 1887, Tbilisi Opera House), Azra (bisa ga almara na Moorish, 1890, ibid.), Asya (bayan IS Turgenev, 1900, Moscow Solodovnikov Gidan wasan kwaikwayo), Treason (1910, Zimin Opera House, Moscow), Ole daga Norland (1916, Bolshoi Theatre, Moscow), Aure (ayyukan 2-4 zuwa opera da ba a gama ba ta MP Mussorgsky, 1931, Gidan Rediyo, Moscow), Ƙarshe Barricade (1933); cantata a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar Pushkin (c. 1880); don makada - Symphony (1907), Caucasian sketches (1894), Iveria (1895), Turkic gutsuttsura (1925), A cikin steppes na Turkmenistan (c. 1932), Musical Hotuna na Uzbekistan, Catalan suite (1934), symphonic waqoqi (1917, 1919). c. 1924, Mtsyri, 1881), Yar-Khmel Overture, Symphonic Scherzo (1895), Armenian Rhapsody (1925), Turkic Maris, Daga Wakokin Ossian (1928), Episode from Life of Schubert (1931), Jubilee Maris ( sadaukarwa ga K. E Voroshilov, 1931); don balalaika tare da orc. – fantasy A taro (c. XNUMX); dakin kayan aiki ensembles - piano quartet (1893), string quartet (1896), guda 4 don mutanen Armeniya. Jigogi na kirtani quartet (1933), Maraice a Jojiya (don garaya tare da quartet na itace 1934); don piano - ƙananan guda 5 (1900), waƙoƙin gabas 22 (1934); don violin da piano – sonata (c. 1880), Romantic ballad; don cello da piano – Ganewa (c. 1900); domin mawaka da makada - Hotunan halayen 5 (c. 1900), Waƙar Waƙar Labour (tare da karimci da ruhu. orc., 1934); sama da 100 na soyayya da waƙoƙi don murya da piano; fiye da 60 suna aiki don ƙungiyoyin murya da mawaƙa; kiɗa don wasan kwaikwayo "Ermak Timofeevich" na Goncharov, c. 1901); music ga fim "Karabugaz" (1934).

Ayyukan adabi: Waƙar jama'ar Jojiya da yanayinta na yanzu, "Mai fasaha", M., 1895, A'a 45 (akwai bugu daban); Koyarwar chords, gininsu da ƙudurinsu, M., 1897; Shekaru 50 na kiɗan Rasha a cikin tunanina, M., 1934; Magana game da sake fasalin kiɗa a Turkiyya, "SM", 1934, No 12; Kalmomi kaɗan game da waƙar makaranta, “SM”, 1935, No 2.