Bayan: menene, abun da ke ciki, sauti, tarihi, nau'ikan, amfani

Da farko ya bayyana a Turai, maɓallin maɓalli, a matsayin nau'in harmonica, ya bazu cikin sauri a ko'ina cikin duniya. Amma wannan kayan kida har yanzu yana jin daɗin ƙauna mafi girma a Rasha - ba wani kide-kide na kiɗan jama'a da ba za a iya tsammani ba tare da shi ba.

Menene maɓalli accordion

Rukunin kayan aikin da maɓallin accordion ke cikin su sune Reed, keyboard-pneumatic. Wannan sigar Rasha ce ta haɗin gwiwar hannu tare da madannai biyu. Mafi kusa dangi shine accordion.

Kayan aiki yana da fadi da kewayon sauti - 5 octaves. Tsarin kayan aiki daidai yake da fushi.

Universal - dace da soloists, masu rakiya. Sauti mai wadata, mai iya maye gurbin dukan ƙungiyar makaɗa. Bayan yana ƙarƙashin kowane waƙa - daga jama'a zuwa virtuoso, na gargajiya.

Yaya maballin accordion yake

Shirye-shiryen maɓallin maɓalli yana da rikitarwa, yanayin yanayin an raba kayan aikin zuwa sassan hagu da dama, waɗanda ke tsakanin su akwai furs.

Dama part

Akwatin rectangular ne wanda aka haɗa wuyansa, allon sauti, na'urori na musamman. Ta danna wani maɓalli, mai yin ya fara aikin. Bugu da ari, an ɗaga bawul a ciki, yana ba da damar iska zuwa masu resonators.

Kayan akwatin shine itace (Birch, spruce, maple).

Gefen waje na wuya yana sanye da maɓallan kunnawa da aka shirya cikin tsari mai chromatic. Samfura daban-daban na iya samun uku, huɗu, layuka biyar na maɓalli.

gefen hagu

Akwatin hagu kuma yana da faifan maɓalli. Ana tattara maɓalli a cikin layuka 5-6. Layukan farko guda biyu bass ne, sauran shirye-shiryen ƙira ne. Akwai rajista na musamman wanda ke ba ku damar canza hanyar cire sauti daga shirye zuwa zaɓi. A cikin akwatin akwai wata hanya mai rikitarwa tare da taimakon wanda za'a iya fitar da sauti tare da hannun hagu a cikin tsarin 2: shirye, shirye-shiryen zaɓi.

Fur

Manufar - haɗin hagu, sassan dama na maballin maɓalli. An yi shi da kwali, an manna shi da zane a saman. Madaidaicin ɗakin fur yana da ninki 14-15.

Gefen baya na kayan aiki yana sanye da madauri waɗanda ke taimakawa mai yin wasan ya riƙe tsarin. Matsakaicin nauyin maɓalli na maɓalli yana da ban sha'awa - game da 10 kg. Mafi nauyi, nau'ikan kade-kade, sun kai nauyin kilogiram 15.

Ta yaya accordion sauti?

Ana ƙaunar kayan aiki don bayyanawa, ƙarfin arziki, dama mai yawa don ingantawa.

Sautunan accordion suna da haske, masu arziƙi, masu iya isar da dukkan gamuwar ji na ɗan adam, daga jin daɗi zuwa ɓacin rai. An haife su, godiya ga rawar jiki na reeds da ke cikin sandunan murya, suna da filastik, masu launi.

Kasancewar masu yin rajista wani nau'i ne na musamman na ƙirar, wanda ke ba ku damar haɓaka timbre, ba da sautin kowane inuwa, daga taushin violin zuwa monumentality na gabobin. Masu sana'a sunyi imani da cewa ɗayan maɓallin maɓalli na iya samun nasarar maye gurbin ƙaramin ƙungiyar makaɗa, yana da ban sha'awa sosai.

Tarihin maɓalli

Wasu masu bincike suna ƙididdige tarihin ci gaban maɓallin maɓalli na dubban shekaru, suna kiran kayan aikin gabas "sheng" mai haihuwa. Ya bayyana kimanin shekaru dubu 3 da suka wuce, an sanye shi da harsuna, kuma daga baya ya inganta, yana samun nau'i daban-daban.

Accordion na farko ya bayyana a Turai. Da yawa masters suna da hannu a cikin halittarsa ​​lokaci guda: Czech F. Kirchner, Jamus F. Bushman, Austrian K. Demian. A hukumance, mai sana'ar Bavaria G. Mirwald ana daukarsa a matsayin "mahaifin" na maɓalli na zamani, saboda haka ana kiran Jamus wurin haifuwa na kayan aiki.

Mirwald ya ƙirƙira maɓalli accordion a cikin 1891. Maigidan ya inganta samfurin harmonica na hannu wanda ya saba da kowa, yana samar da shi da maballin madannai guda uku, yana ƙara kewayon zuwa octaves huɗu, kuma ya gyara wasu kurakuran da ake da su.

Mawakan Turai ba su da sha'awar ƙirƙira, sha'awar ta a ƙasashen waje ta kasance mai rauni. Amma a Rasha, inda aka kawo kayan aiki a 1892, nan take ya sami karbuwa. Sun fito da sunan asalin Rashanci a gare shi - don girmama Boyan, mafi kyawun tsohon mai ba da labari a Rasha. Don haka, zamu iya la'akari da haɗin kai na farko a duniya a matsayin ra'ayin gida - a wasu ƙasashe wannan kayan aikin yana da suna daban.

Bayans da aka yi a Rasha ya dubi daban-daban - masters sunyi ƙoƙari su bambanta nau'in samfurin, suna sakin samfurori tare da timbre mai tunawa da clarinets, accordions, pianos.

Wani sabon salo na Rasha ya shiga ƙungiyar makaɗa da hannun haske na master Sterligov, wanda ya tsara maɓalli na jere na 4-5 musamman don ƙwararrun mawaƙa. Tsarin samfurinsa kusan yayi kama da samfuran zamani.

Iri-iri na maɓalli accordions

A yau, akwai nau'ikan manyan nau'ikan - orchestral, talakawa.

Chestungiya

Wani fasali na musamman shine kasancewar maɓalli a dama kawai. Akwai ƙungiyoyi biyu na gyare-gyaren ƙungiyar makaɗa:

• Samfuran da suka bambanta a cikin kewayon sauti (piccolo, bass biyu, bass, alto, tenor, prima),
• Samfuran da suka bambanta da launi na timbre (oboe, sarewa, ƙaho, clarinet, bassoon).

Al'ada

Wannan rukunin ya ƙunshi nau'ikan kayan aiki guda biyu waɗanda suka bambanta a cikin tsarin rakiyar da aka tanada don hannun hagu:

• shirye - maɓallan hagu sune basses da shirye-shiryen ƙira,
• shirye-shiryen zaɓe - ya ƙunshi tsarin 2 (shirye, zaɓi) tare da ikon canza su ta hanyar rajista na musamman. Halayen wasan kwaikwayon na irin wannan kayan aiki suna karuwa, amma yana da wuya mawaƙa ya kunna shi.

Ana kuma raba samfuran da adadin kuri'u: 2, 3, 4, 5-murya an bambanta.

Amfani

Ƙaƙƙarfan kayan aiki, yiwuwar soloing, rakiyar, yana ba ku damar amfani da shi a ko'ina - a cikin mawaƙa na jama'a, ensembles. Duk nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan kiɗan, daga fasaha zuwa jazz, rock, sun haɗa da shi a cikin abubuwan kiɗan su.

Bayan yana tafiya da kyau tare da kusan kowane nau'ikan kayan aikin da ake dasu - maɓallan madannai, iska, kirtani, kaɗa. Yana da kyau sautin ayyukan gargajiya - Beethoven, Bach, Tchaikovsky.

Amma mafi mahimmanci, Play a kan shi yana samuwa ga magoya baya. Saboda haka, ana ganin ingantaccen harmonica na Rasha sau da yawa a bukukuwan aure, gida da bukukuwan iyali.