Vargan: bayanin kayan aiki, tarihin abin da ya faru, sauti, iri

Masu sihirin Chukchi da Yakut, masu shaman, sukan rike wani karamin abu a bakinsu wanda ke yin surutu masu ban mamaki. Wannan garaya ce ta Bayahude - wani abu da mutane da yawa suka ɗauka alama ce ta al'adun kabilanci.

Menene garaya

Vargan kayan aikin lebe ne. Tushensa harshe ne da aka kafa akan firam, galibi karfe. Ka'idar aiki ita ce kamar haka: mai yin yakan sanya garaya Bayahude a kan hakora, yana matsa wuraren da aka yi niyya don haka, kuma yana bugun harshe da yatsunsa. Ya kamata ya motsa tsakanin manne hakora. Ƙunƙarar bakin ta zama resonator, don haka idan kun canza siffar lebe yayin wasa, za ku iya ƙirƙirar sauti na musamman.

Koyon kidan garaya yahudawa abu ne mai sauki. Babban abu a cikin wannan kasuwancin shine don ƙarin gwaji.

Tarihin abin da ya faru

Masana tarihi sun gaskata cewa garayu na Bayahude na farko sun bayyana a kusan 3 BC. A wancan lokacin har yanzu mutane ba su san yadda ake hako ma’adinai da karafa ba, don haka ana yin kayan aikin da kashi ko itace.

Sabanin kuskuren da aka saba yi, a zamanin da, ba mazauna yankunan arewacin Siberiya ba ne kawai suka yi amfani da garaya ta Bayahude. Ana samun irin waɗannan abubuwa a duk faɗin duniya: a Indiya, Hungary, Austria, China, Vietnam. Ana kiransa daban a kowace ƙasa. Ka'idar aiki ɗaya ce, amma kayan aikin mutane daban-daban sun bambanta.

Manufar garaya Bayahude, ko da kuwa ƙasar da ake amfani da ita, al'ada ce. An yi imani da cewa tare da taimakon monotonous sautuna da kuma makogwaro raira waƙa, za ka iya shiga cikin hayyacin da kuma haɗa da duniya na alloli. Mutane sun tambayi shamans don lafiya da jin dadi, kuma sun juya zuwa ga sojojin duniya ta hanyar al'ada inda suke amfani da kiɗan garaya na Yahudawa.

A yau an riga an san dalilin da yasa masu sihiri na kabilar suka shiga yanayi mai jituwa na musamman: wasa na yau da kullum na kayan aiki yana daidaita yanayin jini kuma yana inganta lafiyar gaba ɗaya. Ana samun tasirin ta hanyar sautin kwantar da hankali.

An kiyaye shamananci a tsakanin wasu mutane har yau. Ana iya ganin Vargan a yau ba kawai a al'ada ba, har ma a wuraren kide-kide na kabilanci.

Menene sautin vargan?

Kiɗa a fahimtar mutum yawanci ba shine abin da ake yi da garaya Bayahude ba. Sautinsa yana da zurfi, mai ɗaci, mai raɗaɗi - mawaƙa suna kiranta bourdon, wato, ci gaba da mikewa. Idan kun shigar da faren garaya na Bayahude daidai a bakinku, za ku iya jin cikakken kewayon da katako na musamman.

Akwai dabarun wasa iri-iri: harshe, guttural, labial. Yin amfani da damar ɗan adam da yanayi ya ba su, masu yin wasan kwaikwayo suna fitowa da sababbin salo masu ban sha'awa.

Masu masana'anta da farko suna ƙirƙira wani nau'in sauti, don haka wasu garayu na Bayahude suna fitar da ƙaramar sauti, yayin da wasu ke yin manyan sauti.

Nau'in vargans

Ana samun na'urorin da ke aiki akan ka'idar garaya ta Bayahude a cikin al'adu daban-daban - ba kawai Asiya ba, har ma da Turai. Kowane iri-iri yana da sunansa, wasu kuma sun bambanta musamman a siffa da ƙira.

Komus (Altai)

Ƙananan na'ura mai tushe mai tushe a cikin siffar oval. Legends sun ce mata sun kwantar da yara tare da kiɗan tunani tare da taimakonsa. Altai komus shine nau'in garaya mafi shahara a Rasha. Masters Potkin da Temartsev suna yin su ga duk wanda yake so ya koyi yadda ake kunna kayan aikin shamanic. Wasu mutane suna siyan su azaman abubuwan tunawa daga yankin Altai.

Khomus (Yakutia)

Ana ɗaukar garaya Yakut mafi daɗaɗɗen duka. Da zarar an yi shi da itace, amma a yau kusan dukkanin waɗannan kayan aikin ƙarfe ne. Masu sana'a suna ƙirƙirar ƙirar firam iri-iri da hannu.

Akwai ɗan bambanci tsakanin khomus da garaya na Bayahude. Sun bambanta da cewa garaya tana da harshe ɗaya kawai, kuma a cikin na'urar daga Yakutia za'a iya zama har zuwa hudu.

An yi imanin cewa ra'ayin ƙirƙirar irin wannan kayan aiki ya taso ne lokacin da iska ta buso ta cikin tsagewar bishiyar da walƙiya ta lalata. Yin wasa da khomus, zaku iya kwatanta tsatsawar iska da sauran sautunan yanayi.

Genggong (Bali)

An yi kayan kida na Balinese daga kayan halitta. Firam ɗin genggong yawanci ana yin shi ne da itace, kuma harshe ana yin shi da ganyen dabino mai sukari. A cikin tsari, yana da ban mamaki daban-daban daga komus na yau da kullum: ba shi da tanƙwara, yana kama da bututu.

Don yin sauti, ana ɗaure zare a cikin harshe kuma a ja. Sautin yana canzawa dangane da wane wasalin mai kunnawa yake furtawa.

Kubyz (Bashkortostan, Tatarstan)

Ka'idar aiki na kubyz baya bambanta ta kowace hanya daga Play a kan na'urori masu kama da juna, amma ana amfani dashi don wasu dalilai. Mawakan suna yin wakoki masu zafi, wanda mutanen Bashkir suka taɓa yin rawa. Kubyzists suna yin solo kuma a cikin gungu tare da sauran masu yin wasan kwaikwayo.

Akwai nau'ikan wannan kayan aiki iri biyu:

• agas-koumiss tare da jikin farantin da aka yi da itace;
• mai lokaci-koumiss tare da firam ɗin ƙarfe.

Tatar kubyz kusan bai bambanta da Bashkir ba. Yana da arcuate da lamellar.

Aman khuur (Mongolia)

Haramun ne Mongolian mai kama da sauran tallace-tallace daga Asiya, amma yana da nasa peculiarities. Babban shine firam da aka rufe a bangarorin biyu. Harshen Aman Khuurs mai laushi ne. An yi na'urar da karfe ko tagulla.

Drymba (Ukraine, Belarus)

Gilashin Yahudanci Arched daga Belarus da harshe mai kauri. Firam ɗinsa yana da m ko triangular. Slavs sun kasance suna wasa da drymba tun zamanin d ¯ a - na farko da aka samo tun daga karni na XNUMX. Sautunanta masu haske a hankali suna shuɗewa, suna haifar da amsawa.

A cikin Ukraine, busassun jaka sun fi yawa a yankin Hutsul, wato, a kudu maso gabas na Carpathians na Ukrainian da kuma yankin Transcarpathian. Mata da ’yan mata ne suke wasa da su, wani lokacin ma makiyaya ne.

Mafi shahararren drymbas shine ayyukan Sergei Khatskevich.

Dan Moi (Vietnam)

Sunan yana nufin "kayan kirtani na baki". Don haka suna wasa da shi - suna ƙulla tushe ba tare da hakora ba, amma da leɓunansu. Wannan ita ce nau'in garaya mafi tsufa, ana rarraba ta a cikin ƙasashe 25 na duniya. Dans na koyaushe ana ajiye su a cikin bututu da aka yi wa zaren zare ko beads.

Kayan aiki da kansa shine lamellar, tare da kaifi a gefe ɗaya. Hakanan akwai manyan garayu na Bayahude na Vietnamese, amma ba su da farin jini sosai. Abubuwan da ake yin dan moi sune tagulla ko bamboo.

Daidaitaccen kayan aiki daga Vietnam yana sauti mai girma, tare da sauti mai raɗaɗi. Wani lokaci ma akwai na bass dan.

Doromb (Hungary)

Wannan kayan aikin, wanda 'yan Hungary ke ƙauna, yana da tushe mai tushe da bambance-bambance masu yawa. Shahararren malamin garaya Bayahude Zoltan Siladi yana yin garayu iri-iri. Na'urar tana da firam mai faɗi kuma babu madauki akan harshe. Yawancin lokaci ana buƙata don dacewa, amma a nan gefen mai lankwasa baya kawo rashin jin daɗi ga mai yin. doromba yana da firam mai laushi mai jujjuyawa, don haka ba za a iya matse shi da karfi da hakora ko yatsu ba.

Angkut (Kambodiya)

Mazaunan kabilar Pnong ne suka kirkiro wannan garaya ta Bayahude, ba kayan aikin Cambodia na kasa ba ne. Dukkan abubuwan da ke cikinta an yi su ne da bamboo. Doguwa ce kuma lebur, ɗan kamar ma'aunin zafi da sanyio.

Yayin wasan angkut, mawaƙan sun buge harshe daga kansu, suna riƙe da kayan aiki a tsakanin leɓunansu.

Murchunga (Nepal)

garaya ta Nepal tana da siffa da ba a saba gani ba. Firam ɗinsa yawanci ma'auni ne, madaidaici, kuma harshe mai laushi yana tsawo a kishiyar shugabanci. Yayin kunnawa, mawaƙin na iya riƙe da ƙari. Murchungs suna yin sauti mai ma'ana mai girma.

Zubanka (Rasha)

Suna na biyu na garaya Bayahude yana cikin mutanen Slavic na Rasha. Masu binciken archaeologists suna samun su a duk faɗin yammacin ƙasar. Marubutan tarihi kuma sun ambaci hakora. Sun rubuta cewa tare da taimakonsu sun yi waƙar soja. A cewar sanannen marubuci Odoevsky, yawancin manoman Rasha sun san yadda ake wasa da zubanka.

Duniyar garayu na Bayahude tana da abubuwa da yawa da ban mamaki. Ta hanyar wasa da su, da haɓaka ƙwarewarsu, mawaƙa suna kiyaye al'adun kakanninsu. Kowane mutum na iya zaɓar samfurin kayan aikin da ya dace kuma ya koma ga asali.