Melodika: bayanin kayan aiki, abun da ke ciki, iri, tarihi, amfani

Ana iya kiran Melodica ƙirƙira ta zamani. Duk da cewa kwafin farko ya koma ƙarshen karni na XNUMX, ya zama yaɗuwa kawai a cikin rabin na biyu na karni na XNUMX.

Overview

Wannan kayan kida ba sabon abu bane. Giciye ce tsakanin accordion da harmonica.

Melodika (melodica) ana ɗaukarsa ƙirƙirar Jamus. Yana cikin ƙungiyar kayan aikin redi, ƙwararrun masana suna magana ne akan harmonicas iri-iri tare da madannai. Cikakken, daidai sunan kayan aikin daga mahangar ƙwararru shine maɗaukakin harmonica ko waƙar iska.

Yana yana da wani fairly fadi da kewayon game 2-2,5 octaves. Mawakin yana fitar da sauti ta hanyar hura iska a cikin bakin, a lokaci guda yana amfani da makullin da hannunsa. Damar kida na waƙar suna da girma, sautin yana da ƙarfi, jin daɗin sauraro. An yi nasarar haɗa shi da sauran kayan kida, don haka ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a duniya.

Na'urar waƙa

Na'urar karin waƙa alama ce ta harmonica da abubuwan accordion:

• Frame An ƙawata ɓangaren shari'ar da maɓalli mai kama da piano: baƙaƙen maɓallai an haɗa su da fararen fata. A ciki akwai kogon iska mai harsuna. Lokacin da mai yin wasan ya hura iska, danna maɓallan yana buɗe bawuloli na musamman, jet ɗin iska yana aiki akan raƙuman ruwa, saboda haka ana fitar da sautin wani timbre, ƙara, da farar sauti.
• Maɓallai. Yawan maɓallai ya bambanta, dangane da nau'in, samfurin, manufar kayan aiki. Ƙwararrun ƙirar melodic suna da maɓallai 26-36.
• Tashar bakin baki (tashar bakin baki). Haɗe zuwa gefen kayan aiki, wanda aka tsara don busa iska.

Ƙwaƙwalwar harmonica tana yin sauti lokacin da aka busa iska kuma ana danna maɓallan da ke kan akwati a lokaci guda.

Tarihin kayan aiki

Tarihin harmonica na melodic yana farawa a kasar Sin a kusan karni 2-3 BC. A wannan lokacin ne harmonica ta farko, Sheng, ta bayyana. Kayan da aka yi shi ne bamboo, reed.

Sheng ya zo Turai ne kawai a cikin karni na XVIII. An yi imanin cewa, godiya ga ingantuwar fasahar kere-kere ta kasar Sin, an yi imanin cewa, accordion ya bayyana. Amma waƙar ta bayyana ga duniya daga baya.

Model hada da damar na accordion da harmonica aka fara fara talla a 1892. Harmonica, sanye take da makullin, da m na Jamus Zimmermann ya samar a kan yankin Tsarist Rasha. Al'umma ba su da sha'awar wannan kayan aiki, ba a lura da farko ba. A lokacin juyin juya halin Oktoba, jama'a na juyin juya hali sun lalata wuraren Zimmermann, samfuran kayan aiki, zane-zane, da abubuwan ci gaba.

A shekara ta 1958, kamfanin Hohner na Jamus ya ba da izini ga sabon kayan kida, melodika, mai kama da wanda Rashawa ba sa so. Don haka, ana ɗaukar harmonica melodic a matsayin ƙirƙirar Jamus. An karɓi wannan ƙirar cikin aminci kuma cikin sauri ya yadu a duniya.

Shekaru 60 na karnin da ya gabata sune ranakun farin ciki na harmonica mai waƙa. Musamman ta kamu da son ’yan wasan Asiya. Daga cikin fa'idodin waƙar da ba a yarda da su ba shine ƙarancin farashi, sauƙin amfani, ƙarancin ƙarfi, haske, sautunan rai.

Nau'in karin waƙoƙi

Samfuran kayan aiki sun bambanta a cikin kewayon kiɗa, fasali na tsari, girma:

• Tenor. Lokacin wasa, mawaƙin yana amfani da hannaye biyu: tare da hagu yana goyan bayan ɓangaren ƙananan, tare da dama yana rarraba ta maɓallan. Zaɓin da ya fi dacewa ya haɗa da sanya tsarin a kan shimfidar wuri, haɗa dogon bututu mai sassauƙa zuwa ramin allura: wannan yana ba ka damar 'yantar da hannunka na biyu, yi amfani da duka biyu don danna maɓallan. Wani fasali na samfurin shine ƙananan sautin.
• Soprano (alto melody). Yana ba da shawara mafi girma fiye da nau'in tenor. Wasu samfura sun haɗa da wasa da hannaye biyu: maɓallan baƙi suna a gefe ɗaya, maɓallan farare a ɗayan.
• bass. Yana da ƙaramin sautin ƙaranci. Ya kasance gama gari a ƙarshen karni na XNUMX, a yau yana da wuya sosai.

Yankin aikace-aikace

An yi nasarar amfani da shi ta hanyar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun mawaƙa, ƙungiyoyin kida, ƙungiyoyin kida.

A cikin rabin na biyu, mawakan jazz, rock, punk bands, mawakan reggae na Jamaica sun yi amfani da shi sosai. Bangaren solodic yana nan a cikin ɗayan abubuwan da aka tsara na almara Elvis Presley. Shugaban The Beatles, John Lennon, bai yi watsi da kayan aiki ba.

Kasashen Asiya suna amfani da waƙa don ilimin kiɗa na matasa. Kayan aikin Turai ya zama wani ɓangare na al'adun Gabas; yau ana amfani da shi sosai a Japan da China.

Rasha amfani da melodic harmonica kasa rayayye: ana iya gani a cikin arsenal na wasu wakilan karkashin kasa, jazz, da kuma jama'a styles.