Kungiyar Orchestra ta Jihar Bavaria (Bayerisches Staatsorchester) |

Mawakan Jihar Bavaria

Kungiyar Mawakan Jihar Bavaria (Bayerisches Staatsorchester), wacce ita ce kungiyar kade-kade ta Opera ta Jihar Bavaria, tana daya daga cikin shahararrun rukunin kade-kade na kade-kade a duniya kuma daya daga cikin tsofaffi a Jamus. Tarihinsa za a iya komawa zuwa 1523, lokacin da mawaki Ludwig Senfl ya zama cantor na Kotun Chapel na Bavarian Duke Wilhelm a Munich. Shahararren shugaban cocin kotun Munich na farko shi ne Orlando di Lasso, wanda a hukumance ya karbi wannan matsayi a shekara ta 1563 a lokacin mulkin Duke Albrecht V. A shekara ta 1594, duke ya kafa makarantar kwana ga yara masu hazaka daga iyalai matalauta don ilmantar da kanana. tsara domin kotun chapel. Bayan mutuwar Lasso a 1594, Johannes de Fossa ya karbi jagorancin Chapel.

A cikin 1653, a buɗe sabon gidan opera na Munich, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Capella ta yi wasan opera na farko GB Mazzoni L'Arpa festante (kafin haka, kiɗan coci ne kawai ke cikin repertoire). A cikin 80s na karni na XNUMX, yawancin wasan kwaikwayo na Agostino Steffani, wanda shine mai kula da kotu da kuma "darektan kiɗa na ɗakin" a Munich, da kuma sauran mawaƙa na Italiyanci, an yi su a cikin sabon gidan wasan kwaikwayo tare da haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyar mawaƙa.

Tun daga 1762, a karon farko, an ƙaddamar da manufar ƙungiyar makaɗa a matsayin ƙungiya mai zaman kanta cikin rayuwar yau da kullun. Tun tsakiyar 70s na XVIII karni fara na yau da kullum aiki na Kotun Orchestra, wanda ya yi yawa opera farko a karkashin jagorancin Andrea Bernasconi. Mozart ya yi sha'awar babban matakin ƙungiyar makaɗa bayan farko na Idomeneo a cikin 1781. A cikin 1778, tare da zuwan mulki a Munich na zaɓen Mannheim Karl Theodor, ƙungiyar makaɗa ta cika da shahararrun virtuosos na makarantar Mannheim. A 1811, an kafa Academy of Music, wanda ya hada da mambobi na Kotun Orchestra. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ƙungiyar makaɗa ta fara shiga ba kawai a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na opera ba, har ma a cikin kide-kide na kade-kade. A wannan shekarar ne Sarki Max I ya aza harsashin ginin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasa, wanda aka bude ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 1818.

A lokacin mulkin Sarki Max I, ayyukan ƙungiyar mawaƙa na kotu sun haɗa da wasan kwaikwayo na coci, wasan kwaikwayo, ɗakin daki da kiɗa (kotu). A karkashin Sarki Ludwig I a cikin 1836, ƙungiyar makaɗa ta sami babban jagoranta na farko (Babban Daraktan Kiɗa), Franz Lachner.

A zamanin sarki Ludwig na biyu, tarihin ƙungiyar makaɗar Bavaria yana da alaƙa da sunan Richard Wagner. Tsakanin 1865 zuwa 1870 akwai fara wasan operas nasa Tristan und Isolde, Die Meistersingers na Nuremberg (shugaba Hans von Bülow), Rheingold da Valkyrie (shugaba Franz Wüllner).

Daga cikin jiga-jigan masu gudanarwa na karni da rabi da suka gabata, babu wani mawaki ko daya da bai yi wasa da makada na Opera na Jihar Bavaria ba. Bayan Franz Lachner, wanda ya jagoranci kungiyar har zuwa 1867, Hans von Bülow, Hermann Levy, Richard Strauss, Felix Mottl, Bruno Walter, Hans Knappertsbusch, Clemens Kraus, Georg Solti, Ferenc Frichai, Josef Keilbert, Wolfgang Sawallisch ne suka jagoranci kungiyar. shahararrun madugu .

Daga 1998 zuwa 2006, Zubin Mehta shi ne babban jagoran kungiyar kade-kade, kuma tun daga kakar 2006 – 2007, fitaccen dan wasan Amurka Kent Nagano ya karbi ragamar jagorancin kungiyar. Ayyukansa a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Munich ya fara ne tare da shirye-shiryen farko na mono-opera na mawaƙin Jamus W. Rim Das Gehege da opera Salome na R. Strauss. A nan gaba, maestro ya gudanar da irin waɗannan ƙwararrun ƙwararrun opera na duniya kamar Mozart's Idomeneo, Mussorgsky's Khovanshchina, Tchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin, Wagner's Lohengrin, Parsifal da Tristan da Isolde, Electra da Ariadne auf Naxos, R.' Strausshistein, Berrest Berrest, Berrest Berrest, Berrest Berrest. , Britten's Billy Budd, farkon wasan operas Alice a Wonderland ta Unsuk Chin da Ƙauna, Ƙauna kawai ta Minas Borbudakis.

Kent Nagano yana shiga cikin shahararren bikin Opera na Summer a Munich, yana yin wasa akai-akai tare da kungiyar makada ta jihar Bavaria a cikin wasannin kade-kade na kade-kade (a halin yanzu, kungiyar makada ta jihar Bavaria ita kadai ce a Munich wacce ke shiga cikin wasannin opera da kide-kide na kade-kade). A karkashin jagorancin maestro Nagano, ƙungiyar tana yin wasan kwaikwayo a biranen Jamus, Austria, Hungary, suna shiga cikin horo da shirye-shiryen ilimi. Misalan wannan sune Opera Studio, Kwalejin Orchestra, da Kungiyar Matasa ta ATTACCA.

Kent Nagano ya ci gaba da cike ɗimbin faifan bidiyo na ƙungiyar. Daga cikin sabbin ayyukan akwai rikodin bidiyo na operas Alice in Wonderland da Idomeneo, da kuma CD mai jiwuwa tare da Bruckner's Symphony na huɗu da aka fitar akan SONY Classical.

Baya ga manyan ayyukansa a Bavarian Opera, Kent Nagano ya kasance Daraktan Fasaha na Orchestra na Symphony na Montreal tun daga 2006.

A cikin kakar 2009-2010, Kent Nagano ya gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo Don Giovanni na Mozart, Tannhauser na Wagner, Tattaunawar Karmel ta Poulenc da Mace Silent ta R. Strauss.

Source: Gidan yanar gizon Philharmonic na Moscow