Cleveland Orchestra |

Cleveland Orchestra

Kungiyar kade-kade ta Cleveland kungiyar makada ce ta kade-kade da wake-wake na Amurka da ke Cleveland, Ohio. An kafa ƙungiyar makaɗa a shekara ta 1918. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na ƙungiyar makada shine Hall Severance. Bisa ga al'adar da ta samo asali a cikin sukar kiɗa na Amurka, ƙungiyar kade-kade ta Cleveland tana cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin kade-kade na Amurka guda biyar (waɗanda ake kira "Big Five"), kuma ita ce kawai ƙungiyar makaɗa ta wannan biyar daga ƙaramin birni na Amurka.

An kafa kungiyar kade-kade ta Cleveland a cikin 1918 ta dan wasan pian Adella Prentice Hughes. Tun lokacin da aka kafa ta, ƙungiyar makaɗa ta kasance ƙarƙashin kulawa ta musamman na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru a cikin Kiɗa. Darektan fasaha na farko na ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Cleveland shine Nikolai Sokolov. Tun daga shekarun farko na wanzuwarsa, ƙungiyar makada ta zagaya gabacin Amurka, tana shiga cikin shirye-shiryen rediyo. Tare da ci gaban masana'antar rikodi, ƙungiyar makaɗa ta fara yin rikodi koyaushe.

Tun daga 1931, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta kasance tushen a cikin Severence Hall, wanda aka gina akan kuɗin mai son kiɗan Cleveland kuma ɗan agaji John Severance. Wannan zauren kide-kide mai kujeru 1900 ana daukarsa daya daga cikin mafi kyau a Amurka. A 1938, Nikolai Sokolov aka maye gurbinsu a matsayin shugaba Artur Rodzinsky, wanda ya yi aiki tare da kungiyar makada na shekaru 10. Bayan shi, Erich Leinsdorf ya jagoranci ƙungiyar makaɗa har tsawon shekaru uku.

Ranar farin ciki na kungiyar kade-kade ta Cleveland ta fara ne da zuwan shugabanta, shugaba George Sell. Ya fara aikinsa a wannan matsayi a cikin 1946 tare da gagarumin sake fasalin ƙungiyar makaɗa. An kori wasu mawaƙa, wasu, ba sa son yin aiki tare da sabon madugu, sun bar ƙungiyar mawaƙa da kansu. A cikin shekarun 1960, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta ƙunshi mawaƙa fiye da 100 waɗanda ke cikin ƙwararrun ƴan kida a Amurka. Saboda babban matakin fasaha na kowane ɗayansu, masu sukar sun rubuta cewa ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Cleveland "yana wasa kamar ƙwararrun mawaƙa." Sama da shekaru ashirin na shugabancin George Sell, ƙungiyar makaɗa, a cewar masu suka, ta sami nata na musamman na “sautin Turai”.

Da zuwan Sell, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta ƙara himma a cikin kide-kide da rikodi. A cikin waɗannan shekarun, adadin wasan kwaikwayo na shekara-shekara ya kai 150 a kowace kakar. A karkashin George Sell, ƙungiyar makaɗa ta fara rangadi a ƙasashen waje. Ciki har da, a 1965, ya yawon shakatawa na Tarayyar Soviet ya faru. An gudanar da kide-kide a Moscow, Leningrad, Kyiv, Tbilisi, Sochi da Yerevan.

Bayan mutuwar George Sell a 1970, Pierre Boulez ya jagoranci kungiyar kade-kade ta Cleveland a matsayin mai ba da shawara na kiɗa na shekaru 2. A nan gaba, sanannun madugu na Jamus Lorin Maazel da Christoph von Dohnanyi sune daraktocin fasaha na ƙungiyar makaɗa. Franz Welser-Möst shi ne shugaban kungiyar kade-kade tun 2002. A karkashin yarjejeniyar, zai ci gaba da zama shugaban kungiyar kade-kade ta Cleveland har zuwa 2018.

Darektan kiɗa:

Nikolai Sokolov (1918-1933) Arthur Rodzinsky (1933-1943) Erich Leinsdorf (1943-1946) George Sell (1946-1970) Pierre Boulez (1970-1972) Lorin Maazel (1972-1982) Christoph (1984-2002) Christoph (2002-XNUMX). Franz Welser-Möst (tun XNUMX)