Tarihin ci gaban maɓalli accordion

Bayan asali kayan aikin iska ne, amma a lokaci guda kuma kayan kiɗan keyboard ne. Yana da in mun gwada da “matashi” kuma koyaushe yana haɓakawa. Tun daga halittarsa ​​har zuwa yau, maballin accordion ya sami sauye-sauye da gyare-gyare masu yawa.

Ka'idar samar da sauti, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin kayan aiki, an san shi fiye da shekaru dubu uku. An yi amfani da harshe na ƙarfe da ke murɗawa a cikin rafin iska a cikin kayan kida na Sinanci, Jafananci da Lao. Musamman ma, an yi amfani da wannan hanyar cire sautin kida a cikin kayan aikin jama'ar kasar Sin - sheng.

Tarihin maballin accordion ya fara ne daga lokacin da a karon farko wani harshe na ƙarfe wanda ke fitar da sauti ya tilasta yin rawar jiki daga iska wanda aka ba da umarni ba daga huhun mawaƙin ba, amma daga gashin gashi na musamman. (kimanin daidai da yadda ake amfani da shi a cikin maƙera). Wannan ka'ida ta haihuwar sauti ta zama tushen na'urar kayan kida.

Wanene ya ƙirƙira maɓalli accordion?

Wanene ya ƙirƙira maɓalli accordion? Yawancin ƙwararrun masters sun shiga cikin ƙirƙirar maɓalli a cikin hanyar da muka san shi. Amma daga asali akwai mashawarta biyu da ke aiki ba tare da juna ba: mai gyara gabobin Jamus Friedrich Buschmann da masanin Czech František Kirchner.

Kirchner baya a cikin 1787 ya ba da shawarar ƙirƙirar kayan kida, wanda ya dogara da ka'idar motsin motsi na farantin karfe a cikin ginshiƙi na iska mai ƙarfi ta amfani da ɗakin fur na musamman. Ya kuma kirkiro samfurori na farko.

Bushman kuwa, ya yi amfani da harshe mai zazzagewa a matsayin cokali mai yatsa don daidaita gabobin. Sai kawai ya fitar da madaidaicin sauti tare da taimakon huhunsa, wanda ke da matukar wahala a yi amfani da shi wajen aiki. Don sauƙaƙe tsarin daidaitawa, Bushman ya tsara wata hanyar da ta yi amfani da ƙwanƙwasa na musamman tare da kaya.

Lokacin da aka buɗe injin ɗin, nauyin ya tashi sannan ya matse ɗakin fur ɗin da nauyinsa, wanda ya ba da damar iskar da aka matsa ta girgiza harshen ƙarfen da ke cikin akwati na musamman na resonator na dogon lokaci. Daga baya, Bushman ya ƙara ƙarin muryoyi zuwa ƙirarsa, waɗanda aka kira a madadin. Ya yi amfani da wannan tsarin ne kawai don daidaita sashin jiki.

A cikin 1829, mai yin gabobin Viennese Cyril Demian ya karɓi ra'ayin ƙirƙirar kayan kiɗa tare da reeds da ɗakin fur. Ya ƙirƙiri wani kayan kida ne bisa tsarin Bushman, wanda ya ƙunshi maɓallan madannai biyu masu zaman kansu da Jawo a tsakanin su. A kan maɓallan bakwai na madannai na dama, zaku iya kunna waƙa, kuma akan maɓallan hagu - bass. Demian ya sanya wa kayan aikinsa suna accordion, ya ba da takardar shaidar ƙirƙira, kuma a cikin wannan shekarar ya fara yin taro da sayar da su.

Accordions na farko a Rasha

Kusan lokaci guda, irin wannan kayan aiki ya bayyana a Rasha. A lokacin rani na 1830, Ivan Sizov, ƙwararren makami a lardin Tula, ya sami kayan aiki mai ban sha'awa a wurin bikin - accordion. Da ya koma gida, sai ya ware shi kuma ya ga cewa ginin harmonica yana da sauƙi. Sannan ya kera makamancin wannan da kansa ya kira ta accordion.

Kamar dai Demian, Ivan Sizov bai iyakance kansa don yin kwafin kayan aikin guda ɗaya ba, kuma a zahiri a cikin 'yan shekarun baya an ƙaddamar da masana'antar samar da accordion a Tula. Bugu da ƙari, ƙirƙira da haɓaka kayan aiki sun sami kyakkyawan halayen halayen gaske. Tula ya kasance sananne ne ga masu sana'a, kuma Tula accordion har yanzu ana daukarsa a matsayin ma'auni na inganci a yau.

Yaushe ainihin maɓallin maɓalli ya bayyana?

"To, ina maballin accordion?" – ka tambaya. Na farko accordions su ne kai tsaye magabata na button accordion. Babban fasalin accordion shi ne cewa an daidaita shi ta hanyar diatonically kuma yana iya yin wasa kawai a cikin babban maɓalli ɗaya ko ƙarami. Wannan ya isa sosai don shirya bukukuwan jama'a, bukukuwan aure da sauran nishaɗi.

A cikin rabin na biyu na karni na XNUMX, accordion ya kasance kayan aikin jama'a da gaske. Tun da har yanzu bai cika da sarƙaƙƙiya ba, tare da samfuran masana'anta na accordion, masu sana'a guda ɗaya ma sun yi shi.

A cikin Satumba 1907, babban masanin St. Sterligov ya kira accordion nasa accordion, yana girmama Boyan, mawaƙin mawaƙa na tsohuwar Rasha.

Ya kasance daga 1907 cewa tarihin ci gaban zamani button accordion ya fara a Rasha. Wannan kayan aikin yana daɗaɗawa sosai har yana ba wa mawaƙan damar yin waƙa a kanta duka waƙoƙin jama'a da shirye-shiryensu, da kuma shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya.

A halin yanzu, ƙwararrun mawaƙa suna rubuta abubuwan ƙirƙira na asali don bayan, kuma ƴan wasan accordion ba su da ƙasa da mawaƙa na wasu ƙwarewa dangane da matakin ƙwarewar fasaha a cikin kayan aikin. A cikin shekaru ɗari kawai, an kafa ainihin makarantar buga kayan aikin.

Duk wannan lokacin, maɓalli accordion, kamar accordion, har yanzu suna ƙaunar mutane: bikin aure mai ban sha'awa ko wasu bikin, musamman a yankunan karkara, ba tare da wannan kayan aiki ba. Sabili da haka, maɓallin accordion ya cancanci samun lakabin kayan aikin gargajiya na Rasha.

Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan accordion shine "Ferapontov Monastery" na Vl. Zolotarev. Muna gayyatar ku ku saurare shi wanda Sergei Naiko ya yi. Wannan waƙar tana da mahimmanci, amma tana da ruhi sosai.

Marubucin shine Dmitry Bayanov