Bandoneon: menene, abun da ke ciki, sauti, tarihin kayan aiki

Duk wanda ya taɓa jin sautin tango na Argentine ba zai taɓa rikita su da wani abu ba - huda shi, waƙar ban mamaki yana da sauƙin ganewa kuma na musamman. Ta sami irin wannan sautin godiya ga bandoneon, wani kayan kida na musamman tare da halinsa da tarihin ban sha'awa.

Menene bandeji

Bandoneon kayan aikin allo ne, nau'in harmonica na hannu. Kodayake ya fi shahara a Argentina, asalinsa Jamusanci ne. Kuma kafin ya zama alamar tango na Argentine da kuma gano nau'i na yanzu, dole ne ya jure canje-canje da yawa.

Tarihin kayan aiki

A cikin 30s na karni na XNUMX, harmonica ya bayyana a Jamus, wanda ke da siffar murabba'i tare da maɓalli biyar a kowane gefe. Masanin kiɗan Karl Friedrich Uhlig ne ya tsara shi. A lokacin da ya ziyarci Vienna, Uhlig ya yi nazarin accordion, kuma ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi, bayan dawowar sa ya kirkiro wasan kwaikwayo na Jamus. Ya kasance ingantacciyar sigar harmonica ɗin sa.

A cikin 40s na wannan karni, concertina ya fada hannun mawaƙin Heinrich Banda, wanda ya riga ya yi nasa canje-canje a cikinsa - jerin abubuwan da aka fitar da sauti, da kuma tsarin maɓalli a kan keyboard, wanda ya zama. a tsaye. An sanya wa kayan aikin suna bandoneon don girmama mahaliccinsa. Tun 1846, ya fara sayar da shi a cikin kantin kayan kiɗa na Bandy.

Siffofin farko na bandaneons sun fi sauƙi fiye da na zamani, suna da sautunan 44 ko 56. Da farko, an yi amfani da su a matsayin madadin sashin jiki don ibada, har sai bayan shekaru arba'in da suka gabata an kawo kayan aikin zuwa Argentina ba da gangan ba - wani ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa na Jamus ya canza shi ko dai don kwalban giya, ko kuma don tufafi da abinci.

Da zarar a wata nahiya, bandoneon ya sami sabon rayuwa da ma'ana. Sautunansa masu ban sha'awa sun dace daidai da waƙar tango na Argentine - babu wani kayan aiki da ya ba da irin wannan tasiri. Rukunin farko na bandoneons sun isa babban birnin Argentina a ƙarshen karni na XNUMX; ba da jimawa ba suka fara kara a cikin mawakan tango.

Wani sabon motsi na sha'awa ya buga kayan aikin riga a cikin rabin na biyu na karni na XNUMX, godiya ga mashahurin mawakin duniya da kuma mafi kyawun bandoneonist Astor Piazzolla. Tare da haske da basirar hannunsa, bandoneon da Argentine tango sun sami sabon sauti da shahara a duk faɗin duniya.

iri

Babban bambanci tsakanin bandaneons shine adadin sautunan, kewayon su daga 106 zuwa 148. Mafi yawan kayan aikin sauti na 144 ana la'akari da daidaitattun. Don koyon yadda ake kunna kayan aiki, bandeji mai sautin 110 ya fi dacewa.

Hakanan akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan iri:

• tare da bututu;
• chromatiphone (tare da jujjuyawar maɓalli);
• c-tsarin, wanda yayi kama da harmonica na Rasha;
• tare da shimfidawa, kamar kan piano, da sauransu.

Na'urar Bandoneon

Wannan kayan kida ne na Reed mai siffar murabba'i mai murabba'in gefuna. Yana auna kimanin kilo biyar kuma yana auna 22*22*40 cm. Jawo na bandeji yana da nau'i-nau'i da yawa kuma yana da firam guda biyu, a saman abin da akwai zobba: an haɗa ƙarshen yadin da aka saka da su, wanda ke goyan bayan kayan aiki.

Maɓallin madannai yana tsaye a tsaye, ana sanya maɓallan a cikin layuka biyar. Ana fitar da sautin ne saboda girgizar raƙuman ƙarfe na ƙarfe a lokacin da iskar da ake busawa. Abin sha'awa shine, lokacin da ake canza motsi na Jawo, ana fitar da bayanan rubutu daban-daban guda biyu, wato, sautuna sau biyu sau biyu kamar yadda maballin ke kan maballin.

Lokacin wasa, ana wuce hannaye a ƙarƙashin madaurin wuyan hannu da ke gefen biyu. Wasan ya ƙunshi yatsu huɗu na hannaye biyu, kuma babban yatsan hannun dama yana kan lever ɗin iska - yana daidaita isar da iskar.

Inda ake amfani da kayan aiki

Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, bandejin ya fi shahara a Argentina, inda aka dade ana la'akari da shi a matsayin kayan aiki na kasa - an yi shi a can don murya uku har ma hudu. Samun tushen Jamusanci, bandoneon kuma ya shahara a Jamus, inda ake koyar da shi a cikin da'irar kiɗan jama'a.

Amma godiya ga ƙananan girmansa, sauti na musamman da kuma karuwar sha'awar tango, bandejin yana buƙatar ba kawai a cikin waɗannan ƙasashe biyu ba, amma a duk faɗin duniya. Yana sauti solo, a cikin gungu, a cikin kade-kade na Tango - sauraron wannan kayan aiki abin jin daɗi ne. Akwai kuma makarantu da yawa da kayan aikin koyo.

Shahararrun masu ba da izini: Anibal Troilo, Daniel Binelli, Juan José Mosalini da sauransu. Amma "Great Astor" yana a matakin mafi girma: abin da kawai ya cancanci sanannen "Libertango" - waƙar soki inda aka maye gurbin bayanin kula mai ban tsoro da fashewar fashewa. Da alama rayuwar kanta tana sauti a cikinta, tana tilasta muku yin mafarki game da abin da ba zai yiwu ba kuma kuyi imani da cikar wannan mafarkin.