Pablo de Sarasate |

Paul of Sarasate

Sarasate. Romance na Andalus →

Sarasate abu ne mai ban mamaki. Yadda violin nasa yake yi shine yadda babu wanda ya taɓa yin sautin sa. L. Auren

Mawaƙin violin na Sipaniya da mawaki P. Sarasate ya kasance ƙwaƙƙwaran wakilin raye-raye, fasaha na virtuoso. "Paganini na ƙarshen karni, sarkin fasaha na cadence, mai zane mai haske mai haske," shine abin da Sarasate ke kira da mutanen zamaninsa. Hatta manyan masu adawa da nagarta a cikin fasaha, I. Joachim da L. Auer, sun sunkuyar da kai ga kayan aikin sa na ban mamaki. An haifi Sarasate a cikin dangin wani mai kula da makada na soja. Glory ya raka shi da gaske tun daga matakin farko na aikinsa na fasaha. Tuni yana da shekaru 8 ya ba da kide-kide na farko a La Coruña sannan a Madrid. Sarauniya Isabella ta Spain, tana sha'awar basirar ɗan ƙaramin mawaki, ta ba Sarasate kyautar violin A. Stradivari kuma ta ba shi tallafin karatu don yin karatu a Conservatory na Paris.

Shekara ɗaya na karatu a cikin aji na D. Alar ya isa ga ɗan wasan violin mai shekaru goma sha uku ya kammala karatunsa daga ɗayan mafi kyawun wuraren ajiyar kaya a duniya tare da lambar zinare. Duk da haka, jin bukatar zurfafa ilimin kida da ka'idar, ya karanci abun da ke ciki na wasu shekaru 2. Bayan kammala karatunsa, Sarasate ya yi balaguron kide-kide da yawa zuwa Turai da Asiya. Sau biyu (1867-70, 1889-90) ya gudanar da wani babban yawon shakatawa na kide kide a kasashen Arewa da Kudancin Amirka. Sarasate ya sha ziyartar Rasha. Ƙirƙirar haɗin kai da abokantaka sun haɗa shi da mawaƙa na Rasha: P. Tchaikovsky, L. Auer, K. Davydov, A. Verzhbilovich, A. Rubinshtein. Game da wani wasan kwaikwayo na haɗin gwiwa tare da na ƙarshe a cikin 1881, mawallafin kiɗa na Rasha sun rubuta: "Sarasate ba shi da misaltuwa a cikin wasan violin kamar yadda Rubinstein ba shi da abokan hamayya a fagen wasan piano ..."

Masu zamani sun ga sirrin ƙirƙira da fara'a na Sarasate a cikin kusan ɗan yaro na hangen duniya. Bisa ga tunanin abokai, Sarasate mutum ne mai sauƙin zuciya, mai sha'awar tattara gwangwani, akwatunan snuff, da sauran gizmos na gargajiya. Daga baya, mawaƙin ya tura dukan tarin da ya tattara zuwa garinsu na Pamplrne. Filayen fasaha mai ban sha'awa na kyawawan halaye na Mutanen Espanya ya burge masu sauraro kusan rabin karni. Wasan sa ya ja hankalinsa tare da sautin violin na musamman mai ban sha'awa-azurfa, kyakkyawan kamala, haske mai ban sha'awa da kuma, ƙari, elation na soyayya, waƙa, darajar jimla. Repertoire na violin ya kasance na musamman da yawa. Amma tare da mafi girma nasara, ya yi nasa qagaggun: "Spanish Dances", "Basque Capriccio", "Aragonese Hunt", "Andalusian Serenade", "Navarra", "Habanera", "Zapateado", "Malagueña", sanannen. "Gypsy Melodies" . A cikin waɗannan ƙagaggun, fasalulluka na ƙirar Sarasate da salon wasan kwaikwayon na ƙasa sun bayyana musamman a sarari: asalin rhythmic, samar da sauti mai launi, aiwatar da dabarar al'adun gargajiya. Duk waɗannan ayyukan, da kuma manyan abubuwan fantasies guda biyu Faust da Carmen (a kan jigogi na operas na suna iri ɗaya ta Ch. Gounod da G. Bizet), har yanzu suna cikin repertoire na violin. Ayyukan Sarasate sun bar tarihi mai mahimmanci a tarihin kiɗa na kayan aikin Mutanen Espanya, suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan aikin I. Albeniz, M. de Falla, E. Granados.

Yawancin manyan mawaƙa na wancan lokacin sun sadaukar da ayyukansu ga Sarasata. Ya kasance tare da wasan kwaikwayonsa cewa an halicci irin waɗannan ƙwararrun kiɗa na violin kamar Gabatarwa da Rondo-Capriccioso, "Havanese" da Concerto Violin na Uku na C. Saint-Saens, "Spanish Symphony" na E. Lalo, Violin na Biyu. Concerto da "Fantasy na Scotland" M Bruch, ɗakin kide-kide na I. Raff. G. Wieniawski (Concerto Violin na biyu), A. Dvorak (Mazurek), K. Goldmark da A. Mackenzie sun sadaukar da ayyukansu ga fitaccen mawakin Sipaniya. "Mafi girman mahimmancin Sarasate," in ji Auer a cikin wannan haɗin, "ya dogara ne kan babban yarda da ya yi nasara tare da ayyukansa na fitattun ayyukan violin na zamaninsa." Wannan shine babban abin da ya dace na Sarasate, ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da ci gaba na aikin babban halin Mutanen Espanya.

I. Vetlitsyna

Virtuoso art ba ya mutuwa. Ko da a zamanin babban nasara na abubuwan fasaha, koyaushe akwai mawaƙa waɗanda ke sha'awar kyawawan halaye na "tsarki". Sarasate na ɗaya daga cikinsu. "Paganini na ƙarshen karni", "Sarkin fasaha na cadence", "mai fasaha mai haske" - wannan shine yadda ake kira Sarasate na zamani. Kafin nagartarsa, ƙwaƙƙwaran kayan aiki sun durƙusa har ma waɗanda suka ƙi kirki a cikin fasaha - Joachim, Auer.

Sarasate ta ci kowa da kowa. Sirrin fara'arsa ya kasance a cikin kusan ɗan yaro na fasaharsa. Ba su "yi fushi" da irin waɗannan masu fasaha ba, an yarda da kiɗan su a matsayin waƙoƙin tsuntsaye, kamar sautin yanayi - sautin gandun daji, gunaguni na rafi. Sai dai idan za a iya samun da'awar wani dare? Yana waka! Haka kuma Sarasate. Ya raira waƙa a kan violin - kuma masu sauraro sun daskare da farin ciki; ya "zane" hotuna masu launi na raye-rayen Mutanen Espanya - kuma sun bayyana a cikin tunanin masu sauraro suna raye.

Auer ya sanya Sarasate (bayan Viettan da Joachim) sama da duk masu son violin na rabin na biyu na karni na XNUMX. A cikin wasan Sarasate, ya yi mamakin irin haske na ban mamaki, yanayi, sauƙi na kayan aikin sa na fasaha. "Wata rana da yamma," I. Nalbandian ya rubuta a cikin tarihinsa, "Na tambayi Auer ya gaya mani game da Sarasat. Leopold Semyonovich ya tashi daga kan kujera, ya dube ni na dogon lokaci ya ce: Sarasate wani abu ne mai ban mamaki. Yadda violin nasa yake yi shine yadda babu wanda ya taɓa yin sautin sa. A cikin wasan Sarasate, ba za ku iya jin "kicin" kwata-kwata, babu gashi, babu rosin, ba canjin baka kuma babu aiki, tashin hankali - yana wasa da komai cikin raha, kuma komai yayi kama da shi… ”Aika Nalbandian zuwa Berlin, Auer ya shawarce shi da ya yi amfani da duk wata dama, ya saurari Sarasate, kuma idan dama ta samu kanta, a buga masa violin. Nalbandian ya kara da cewa a lokaci guda, Auer ya mika masa wasiƙar shawarwari, tare da adireshin laconic a kan ambulaf: "Turai - Sarasate." Kuma hakan ya isa.

Nalbandian ya ci gaba da cewa: “Sa’ad da na koma Rasha, na yi cikakken rahoto ga Auer, inda ya ce: “Ka ga irin amfanin tafiyar da kuka yi a ƙasashen waje. Kun ji misalai mafi girma na wasan kwaikwayon ayyukan gargajiya ta manyan mawaƙa-mawaƙa Joachim da Sarasate - mafi girman kamala na virtuoso, babban abin mamaki na wasan violin. Abin da mutum mai sa'a Sarasate ne, ba kamar mu bayin violin ba ne waɗanda dole ne su yi aiki kowace rana, kuma yana rayuwa don jin daɗin kansa. Kuma ya kara da cewa: "Me yasa zai yi wasa yayin da komai ya riga ya yi masa aiki?" Yana fadin haka, Auer ya dubi hannayensa cikin bacin rai ya huci. Auer yana da hannayen "masu godiya" kuma dole ne ya yi aiki tuƙuru kowace rana don kiyaye fasahar.

"Sunan Sarasate sihiri ne ga 'yan violin," in ji K. Flesh. – Tare da girmamawa, kamar dai wani sabon abu ne daga wani abin al'ajabi, mu yara (wannan shi ne a 1886) dubi kadan baki-sa ido Sipaniya - tare da a hankali trimmed jet-black gashin-baki da kuma guda curly, m, a hankali combed gashi . Wannan ɗan ƙaramin mutum ya hau kan mataki tare da dogon matakai, tare da girman girman Mutanen Espanya, natsuwa a zahiri, har ma da phlegmatic. Sa'an nan kuma ya fara wasa tare da 'yancin da ba a ji ba, tare da saurin kawo iyaka, yana kawo masu sauraro cikin farin ciki mafi girma.

Rayuwar Sarasate ta zama mai farin ciki sosai. Ya kasance a cikin cikakkiyar ma'anar kalmar abar so kuma mai son kaddara.

“An haife ni,” in ji shi, “a ranar 14 ga Maris, 1844, a Pamplona, ​​babban birnin lardin Navarre. Mahaifina madugun soja ne. Na koyi wasan violin tun ina ƙarami. Lokacin da nake ɗan shekara 5 kawai, na riga na yi wasa a gaban Sarauniya Isabella. Sarki ya ji daɗin aikina kuma ya ba ni fensho, wanda ya ba ni damar zuwa Paris don yin karatu.

Yin la'akari da wasu tarihin rayuwar Sarasate, wannan bayanin ba daidai ba ne. An haife shi ba a ranar 14 ga Maris ba, amma a ranar 10 ga Maris, 1844. A lokacin haihuwa, an kira shi Martin Meliton, amma ya ɗauki sunan Pablo da kansa daga baya, yayin da yake zaune a Paris.

Mahaifinsa, Basque ta asalin ƙasa, ya kasance mawaƙin kirki. Da farko, shi da kansa ya koya wa ɗansa violin. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 8, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na yaro ya ba da kide-kide a La Coruna kuma basirarsa ta kasance a bayyane cewa mahaifinsa ya yanke shawarar kai shi Madrid. Anan ya ba yaron yayi karatu Rodriguez Saez.

Lokacin da dan wasan violin ya kai shekaru 10, an nuna shi a kotu. Wasan ƙaramin Sarasate ya yi tasiri mai ban sha'awa. Ya sami kyakkyawan violin na Stradivarius daga Sarauniya Isabella a matsayin kyauta, kuma kotun Madrid ta dauki nauyin karatunsa na gaba.

A shekara ta 1856, an aika Sarasate zuwa Paris, inda daya daga cikin fitattun wakilan makarantar violin na Faransa, Delphine Alar ya karbe shi a cikin aji. Bayan watanni tara (kusan ba zato ba tsammani!) ya kammala cikakken karatun ɗakin ajiyar kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta farko.

Babu shakka, matashin ɗan wasan violin ya riga ya zo wurin Alar tare da ingantacciyar dabarar haɓakawa, in ba haka ba ba za a iya bayanin kammala karatunsa da saurin walƙiya daga ɗakin karatu ba. Koyaya, bayan kammala karatunsa a cikin aji na violin, ya zauna a Paris har tsawon shekaru 6 don nazarin ka'idar kiɗa, jituwa da sauran fannonin fasaha. Sai kawai a cikin shekara ta goma sha bakwai na rayuwarsa Sarasate ya bar Paris Conservatory. Daga wannan lokacin ya fara rayuwarsa a matsayin mai yin kide kide da wake-wake.

Da farko, ya tafi yawon shakatawa na Amurka. Attajirin dan kasuwa Otto Goldschmidt, wanda ke zaune a Mexico ne ya shirya shi. Kyakkyawan pianist, ban da ayyukan impresario, ya ɗauki aikin ɗan rakiya. Tafiya ta yi nasara a cikin kuɗi, kuma Goldschmidt ya zama abin burge Sarasate na rayuwa.

Bayan Amurka, Sarasate ya koma Turai kuma da sauri ya sami shahararsa a nan. An gudanar da kide-kidensa a duk kasashen Turai cikin nasara, kuma a kasarsa ya zama gwarzon kasa. A cikin 1880, a Barcelona, ​​​​masu sha'awar Sarasate sun gudanar da jerin gwanon fitilu wanda mutane 2000 suka halarta. Kungiyoyin jiragen kasa a Spain sun ba da jiragen kasa gaba daya don amfani da shi. Yakan zo Pamplona kusan kowace shekara, mutanen garin suna shirya masa tarurruka masu ban sha'awa, wanda ƙaramar hukuma ke jagoranta. A cikin girmamawa gare shi, ana ba da kullun bijimai, Sarasate ya amsa duk waɗannan girmamawa tare da kide-kide don goyon bayan matalauta. Gaskiya ne, sau ɗaya (a cikin 1900) bukukuwan da aka yi a kan lokacin zuwan Sarasate a Pamplona kusan sun juya zuwa rushewa. Sabon magajin garin da aka zaba ya yi kokarin soke su saboda dalilai na siyasa. Shi dan masarauta ne, kuma Sarasate an san shi a matsayin mai bin dimokradiyya. Nufin magajin garin ya haifar da bacin rai. “Jaridu sun shiga tsakani. Kuma karamar hukumar da ta sha kaye, tare da shugabanta, an tilastawa yin murabus. Al'amarin watakila shine kawai irinsa.

Sarasate ta ziyarci Rasha sau da yawa. A karo na farko, a 1869, ya ziyarci Odessa kawai; a karo na biyu - a 1879 ya zagaya a St. Petersburg da Moscow.

Ga abin da L. Auer ya rubuta: "Daya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa a cikin shahararrun 'yan kasashen waje da Society ya gayyata (ma'anar Rukunin Musical Society. - LR) shi ne Pablo de Sarasate, to, har yanzu wani matashin mawaki wanda ya zo mana bayan da ya fara haskakawa. nasara a Jamus. Na ga kuma na ji shi a karon farko. Karami ne, sirara ne, amma lokaci guda yana da kyau sosai, yana da katon kai, ga bakar gashi a tsakiya, bisa ga salon wancan lokacin. A matsayin sabawa daga ƙa'idar gama gari, ya sa a kan ƙirjinsa babban kintinkiri tare da tauraro na odar Mutanen Espanya da ya karɓa. Wannan labari ne ga kowa da kowa, tunda yawanci sarakunan jini da ministoci ne kawai ke bayyana a cikin irin wannan kayan ado a liyafar hukuma.

Na farko bayanin kula da ya ciro daga Stradivarius - kash, yanzu bebe kuma har abada binne a Madrid Museum! – Ya yi tasiri mai ƙarfi a kaina tare da kyawun sauti da tsaftar crystalline. Da yake da fasaha na ban mamaki, ya yi wasa ba tare da wani tashin hankali ba, kamar da kyar ya taɓa igiyoyin da baka na sihiri. Yana da wuya a yarda cewa waɗannan sauti masu ban mamaki, suna shafa kunne, kamar muryar matashi Adeline Patty, na iya fitowa daga irin waɗannan abubuwa masu mahimmanci kamar gashi da kirtani. Masu sauraro sun kasance cikin tsoro kuma, ba shakka, Sarasate ta kasance babban nasara mai ban mamaki.

"A cikin tsakiyar nasarar St. Petersburg," in ji Auer ya ci gaba da cewa, "Pablo de Sarasate ya kasance abokin aiki mai kyau, ya fi son kamfanonin abokansa na kiɗa don wasanni a cikin gidaje masu arziki, inda ya karbi daga biyu zuwa uku na francs a kowace maraice - wani musamman high fee ga wancan lokacin. Maraice na kyauta. ya shafe tare da Davydov, Leshetsky ko tare da ni, ko da yaushe m, murmushi da kuma a cikin wani yanayi mai kyau, musamman farin ciki lokacin da ya gudanar ya lashe 'yan rubles daga gare mu a katunan. Ya kasance mai ban sha'awa sosai tare da matan kuma koyaushe yana ɗauke da wasu ƙananan magoya bayan Mutanen Espanya, waɗanda ya saba ba su a matsayin abin tunawa.

Rasha ta ci Sarasate da karimcinta. Bayan shekaru 2, ya sake ba da jerin kide-kide a nan. Bayan wasan kwaikwayo na farko, wanda ya faru a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba, 1881 a St. – LR ) ba shi da abokan hamayya a fagen wasan piano, ban da, ba shakka, na Liszt.

Zuwan Sarasate a St. Petersburg a cikin Janairu 1898 ya sake nuna alamar nasara. Jama'a da ba su kirguwa sun cika harabar zauren majalisar (Phiharmonic na yanzu). Tare da Auer, Sarasate ya ba da maraice na quartet inda ya yi Kreutzer Sonata na Beethoven.

A karshe lokacin da Petersburg ya saurari Sarasate ya riga ya kasance a kan gangaren rayuwarsa, a 1903, kuma latsa sake dubawa ya nuna cewa ya ci gaba da virtuoso basira har tsufa. “Fitattun halayen mawaƙin su ne m, cikakke kuma mai ƙarfi sautin violin, fasaha mai haske wanda ke shawo kan kowane irin matsaloli; kuma, akasin haka, bakan mai haske, mai laushi da ban sha'awa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na yanayi mai zurfi - duk wannan ya ƙware sosai ta Sipaniya. Sarasate har yanzu shine "sarkin violinists", a cikin ma'anar kalmar da aka yarda. Duk da tsufansa, har yanzu yana mamakin jin daɗin rayuwarsa da sauƙi na duk abin da yake yi.

Sarasate wani lamari ne na musamman. Ga mutanen zamaninsa, ya buɗe sabon salo na wasan violin: “Da zarar a Amsterdam,” in ji K. Flesh, “Izai, sa’ad da yake magana da ni, ya ba Sarasata kima mai zuwa: “Shi ne ya koya mana yin wasa da tsabta. ” Sha'awar 'yan wasan violin na zamani don cikakkiyar fasaha, daidaito da rashin kuskure na wasa ya fito ne daga Sarasate daga lokacin bayyanarsa a kan wasan kwaikwayo. A gabansa, 'yanci, ruwa da haske na aiki an dauke su mafi mahimmanci.

“… Ya kasance wakilin sabon nau’in violin kuma ya taka leda tare da sauƙin fasaha mai ban mamaki, ba tare da ɗan tashin hankali ba. Yatsansa ya sauka akan fretboard a zahiri da nutsuwa, ba tare da buga igiya ba. Jijjiga ya fi faɗi fiye da yadda aka saba da masu violin kafin Sarasate. Ya yi imani da gaske cewa mallakar baka ita ce hanya ta farko kuma mafi mahimmanci don fitar da manufa - a ra'ayinsa - sautin. The "busa" na baka a kan kirtani buga daidai a tsakiyar tsakanin matsananci wurare na gada da fretboard na violin kuma da wuya ya kusanci gada, inda, kamar yadda muka sani, wanda zai iya fitar da wani sauti mai kama da tashin hankali. ga sautin obo.

Masanin tarihin Jamus na fasahar violin A. Moser ya kuma yi nazarin ƙwarewar wasan kwaikwayo na Sarasate: “Lokacin da aka tambaye shi ta wace hanya ce Sarasate ta samu irin wannan gagarumar nasara,” ya rubuta, “ya ​​kamata mu fara ba da amsa da sauti. Sautinsa, ba tare da wani "ƙazanta" ba, cike da "zaƙi", ya yi lokacin da ya fara wasa, kai tsaye mai ban mamaki. Na ce "ya fara wasa" ba tare da niyya ba, tun da sautin Sarasate, duk da kyawunsa, ya kasance monotonous, kusan ba zai iya canzawa ba, saboda wanda, bayan ɗan lokaci, abin da ake kira "ya gaji", kamar yanayin rana ta yau da kullun. yanayi. Abu na biyu wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga nasarar Sarasate shine cikakken sauƙi mai ban mamaki, 'yancin da ya yi amfani da fasaha mai mahimmanci. Ya shiga cikin tsafta babu shakka kuma ya shawo kan mafi girman matsaloli tare da alheri na musamman.

Yawan bayanai game da abubuwan fasaha na wasan Sarasate yana ba da Auer. Ya rubuta cewa Sarasate (da Wieniawski) "sun mallaki gwal mai sauri kuma daidai, mai tsayi sosai, wanda ya kasance tabbataccen ƙwarewar ƙwarewarsu." A wani wuri a cikin wannan littafin na Auer mun karanta: “Sarasate, wanda ke da sauti mai ban mamaki, ya yi amfani da staccato volant kawai (wato, tashi staccato. – LR), ba da sauri ba, amma mara iyaka. Siffa ta ƙarshe, wato, alheri, ta haskaka dukkan wasansa kuma an haɗa shi da wani sauti mai ban sha'awa na musamman, amma bai yi ƙarfi ba. Da yake kwatanta yadda ake riƙe bakan Joachim, Wieniawski da Sarasate, Auer ya rubuta: “Sarasate ya riƙe bakan da dukan yatsansa, wanda bai hana shi haɓaka sautin ’yanci, mai daɗi da haske a cikin sassan ba.”

Yawancin sake dubawa sun lura cewa ba a ba Sarasata ba, ko da yake ya sau da yawa kuma sau da yawa ya juya zuwa ayyukan Bach, Beethoven, kuma yana son yin wasa a cikin quartets. Moser ya ce bayan wasan kwaikwayo na farko na Beethoven Concerto a Berlin a cikin 80s, wani bita na mai sukar kiɗa E. Taubert ya biyo baya, inda fassarar Sarasate ta fi soki sosai idan aka kwatanta da na Joachim. "Washegari, sadu da ni, Sarasate ta fusata ta yi min tsawa: "Hakika, a Jamus sun gaskata cewa wanda ya yi wasan kwaikwayo na Beethoven dole ne ya yi gumi kamar kitse mai kitse!"

Na tabbatar masa, na lura cewa na yi fushi lokacin da masu sauraro suka ji daɗin wasansa, suka katse tuttin ƙungiyar makaɗa da tafi bayan solo na farko. Sarasate ta zage ni, “Ya kai mutum, kada ka yi maganar banza! Orchestral tutti ya wanzu don bai wa mawaƙin solo damar hutawa kuma masu sauraro su yaba.” Sa’ad da na girgiza kai, da irin wannan hukunci na yara ya ba ni mamaki, sai ya ci gaba da cewa: “Ka bar ni da ayyukan karimci. Kuna tambaya me yasa ba na kunna Brahms Concerto! Ba na so in musunta ko kadan cewa wannan kida ce mai kyau. Amma da gaske kuna ganin ba ni da ɗanɗano har na hau kan dandalin da violin a hannuna, na tsaya na saurari yadda a cikin Adagio oboe ke yin waƙar waƙar gabaɗayan aikin ga masu sauraro?

Musar da Sarasate na yin kaɗe-kaɗe sun bayyana sarai: “Sa’ad da muka daɗe da zama a Berlin, Sarasate ta kan gayyaci abokaina na Spain da abokan karatuna EF Arbos (violin) da Augustino Rubio zuwa otal ɗinsa Kaiserhof don su yi wasa da ni. (cello). Shi da kansa ya buga wasan violin na farko, ni da Arbos muka buga wasan viola da na violin na biyu. Kwayoyin da ya fi so su ne, tare da Op. 59 Beethoven, Schumann da Brahms quartets. Waɗannan su ne waɗanda aka fi yin su. Sarasate ta taka rawar gani sosai, tana cika duk umarnin mawakin. Yayi sauti mai kyau, ba shakka, amma "ciki" da ke "tsakanin layi" ya kasance ba a bayyana ba.

Kalmomin Moser da kimantawa na yanayin fassarar Sarasate na ayyukan gargajiya sun sami tabbaci a cikin labarai da sauran masu bita. Ana nuna sau da yawa monotony, monotony wanda ya bambanta sautin violin na Sarasate, da kuma gaskiyar cewa ayyukan Beethoven da Bach ba su yi masa kyau ba. Koyaya, halayen Moser har yanzu yana da gefe ɗaya. A cikin ayyukan da ke kusa da halayensa, Sarasate ya nuna kansa a matsayin mai fasaha. Bisa ga dukkan sake dubawa, alal misali, ya yi wasan kwaikwayo na Mendelssohn ba tare da misaltawa ba. Kuma yaya ayyukan Bach da Beethoven suka yi muni, idan irin wannan tsattsauran ra'ayi kamar Auer ya yi magana da kyau game da fasahar fassarar Sarasate!

"Tsakanin 1870 da 1880, dabi'ar yin kade-kade na fasaha sosai a cikin kide-kide na jama'a ya karu sosai, kuma wannan ka'ida ta sami karbuwa da goyon baya daga 'yan jaridu, wanda hakan ya haifar da fitattun mutane irin su Wieniawski da Sarasate - manyan wakilan wannan yanayin. - don amfani da ko'ina a cikin concertos violin abun da ke ciki na mafi girma iri. Sun haɗa da Bach's Chaconne da sauran ayyukan, da kuma Beethoven's Concerto, a cikin shirye-shiryen su, kuma tare da mafi girman fassarar fassarar (Ina nufin daidaitattun ma'anar kalmar), fassarar su na fasaha na gaske da ingantaccen aiki ya ba da gudummawa mai yawa. shahararsu. “.

Game da fassarar da Sarasate ta yi na Concerto na Uku na Saint-Saens da aka sadaukar gare shi, marubucin da kansa ya rubuta: “Na rubuta wasan kwaikwayo wanda sashe na farko da na ƙarshe ke bayyanawa sosai; an raba su da wani bangare inda komai ke shakar nutsuwa - kamar tafki tsakanin tsaunuka. Manyan 'yan wasan violin da suka ba ni darajar yin wannan aikin yawanci ba su fahimci wannan bambanci ba - sun yi rawar jiki a kan tafkin, kamar a cikin tsaunuka. Sarasate, wanda aka rubuta concerto don shi, ya kasance a cikin kwanciyar hankali a kan tafkin kamar yadda yake jin dadi a cikin tsaunuka. Kuma mawaki ya kammala: "Babu wani abu mafi kyau lokacin yin kiɗa, yadda ake nuna halinsa."

Baya ga wasan kide kide, Saint-Saëns ya sadaukar da Rondo Capriccioso ga Sarasata. Sauran mawakan sun bayyana jin dadinsu ga wasan violin a irin haka. An sadaukar da shi ga: Concerto na Farko da Sifen Symphony ta E. Lalo, Concerto na Biyu da Fantasy na Scotland na M. Bruch, Concerto na Biyu na G. Wieniawski. "Mafi girman mahimmancin Sarasate," in ji Auer, "ya dogara ne kan babban yarda da ya samu saboda ayyukan da ya yi na fitattun ayyukan violin na zamaninsa. Hakanan cancantar sa shine shine farkon wanda ya fara yada kide kide na Bruch, Lalo da Saint-Saens.

Mafi kyawun duka, Sarasate ya isar da kiɗan virtuoso da nasa ayyukan. A cikinsu ya kasance mara misaltuwa. Daga cikin abubuwan da ya tsara, raye-rayen Mutanen Espanya, waƙoƙin Gypsy, Fantasia akan motifs daga opera "Carmen" ta Bizet, Gabatarwa da tarantella sun sami babban shahara. Mafi inganci kuma mafi kusanci ga ƙimar gaskiya ta Sarasate mawaƙin Auer ne ya ba shi. Ya rubuta: "Asali, hazaka da gaske na wasan kwaikwayo na Sarasate da kansa - "Airs Espagnoles", masu launuka masu haske da zafin soyayyar ƙasarsa - ba tare da shakka ba su ne mafi mahimmancin gudummawa ga repertoire na violin. "

A cikin raye-rayen Mutanen Espanya, Sarasate ya ƙirƙira kayan aiki masu launuka iri-iri na waƙoƙin ɗan ƙasa zuwa gare shi, kuma an yi su da ɗanɗano mai daɗi, alheri. Daga gare su - hanyar kai tsaye zuwa ƙananan ƙananan Granados, Albeniz, de Falla. Fantasy akan motifs daga Bizet's "Carmen" watakila shine mafi kyau a cikin adabin violin na duniya a cikin nau'in fantasy na virtuoso wanda marubucin ya zaɓa. Ana iya sanya shi cikin aminci tare da mafi kyawun fantasy na Paganini, Venyavsky, Ernst.

Sarasate shine ɗan wasan violin na farko wanda aka yi rikodin wasansa akan rikodin gramophone; ya yi Prelude daga E-manjor partita ta J.-S. Bach don violin solo, kazalika da Gabatarwa da tarantella na nasa abun da ke ciki.

Sarasate ba shi da iyali kuma a gaskiya ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa ga violin. Gaskiya, yana da sha'awar tattarawa. Abubuwan da ke cikin tarinsa sun kasance masu ban sha'awa sosai. Sarasate kuma a cikin wannan sha'awar ya zama kamar babban yaro. Ya kasance mai sha'awar tattara ... sandunan tafiya (!); sandunan da aka tattara, waɗanda aka yi wa ado da ƙwanƙolin zinariya kuma an yi musu ado da duwatsu masu daraja, kayan tarihi masu daraja da gizmos na tsoho. Ya bar dukiya da aka kiyasta kimanin 3000000 francs.

Sarasate ya mutu a Biarritz a ranar 20 ga Satumba, 1908, yana da shekaru 64. Duk abin da ya samu, ya yi wasiyya ne ga ƙungiyoyin fasaha da na agaji. Kungiyoyin Conservatories na Paris da Madrid kowannensu ya sami francs 10; Bugu da kari, kowane daga cikinsu shi ne Stradivarius violin. An ware makudan kudade don karrama mawaka. Sarasate ya ba da gudummawar tarin kayan fasaha na ban mamaki ga garinsu na Pamplona.

L. Rabin