Alfred Schnittke: bari waƙar fim ta zo ta farko

Kiɗa a yau tana shiga cikin kowane fanni na rayuwarmu. Maimakon haka, za mu iya cewa babu irin wannan wurin da kiɗa ba ya yin sauti. A zahiri, wannan yana da cikakken amfani ga cinematography. An daɗe da wuce lokacin da ake nuna fina-finai a gidajen sinima kawai kuma mai wasan piano ya cika abin da ke faruwa a kan allo tare da wasansa.

An maye gurbin fina-finan shiru da fina-finan sauti, sannan muka koyi sautin sitiriyo, sannan hotunan 3D suka zama ruwan dare gama gari. Kuma duk wannan lokacin, kiɗa a cikin fina-finai ya kasance koyaushe kuma ya kasance wani abu mai mahimmanci.

Amma masu kallon fim, sun nutsu a cikin shirin fim ɗin, ba koyaushe suke tunani game da tambayar: . Sannan akwai wata tambaya mafi ban sha'awa: idan akwai fina-finai da yawa, jiya, yau da gobe, to a ina za mu sami waƙar da yawa ta yadda za a iya wadatar da ita don wasan kwaikwayo, bala'i tare da wasan kwaikwayo, da sauran fina-finai. ?

 Game da aikin mawakan fim

Akwai fina-finai da yawa kamar yadda ake da kiɗa, kuma ba za ku iya jayayya da hakan ba. Wannan yana nufin cewa dole ne a ƙirƙira kiɗa, yi da kuma yin rikodin a cikin sautin kowane fim. Amma kafin injiniyan sauti ya fara yin rikodin waƙar, wani yana buƙatar tsara kiɗan. Kuma wannan shi ne abin da mawakan fim suke yi.

Duk da haka, kuna buƙatar ƙoƙarin yanke shawara akan nau'ikan kiɗan fim:

• m, jaddada abubuwan da suka faru, ayyuka, da kuma ainihin - mafi sauki;
• an riga an sani, da zarar an ji, sau da yawa classic (watakila mashahuri);
• Kiɗa da aka rubuta musamman don wani fim na iya haɗawa da lokuta na misali, jigogi na kayan aiki da lambobi, waƙoƙi, da sauransu.

Amma abin da duk waɗannan nau'ikan suka haɗa shi ne cewa kiɗa a cikin fina-finai har yanzu ba ta mamaye wuri mafi mahimmanci ba.

Ana buƙatar waɗannan gardama don tabbatarwa da jaddada wahala da wasu dogaro da fasaha na mawakin fim.

Sannan kuma ma’aunin hazaka da hazakar mawakin ya fito karara Alfreda Schnittke, wanda ya yi nasarar bayyana kansa da babbar murya, da farko ta hanyar aikinsa na mawakin fim.

 Me yasa Schnittka ya buƙaci kiɗan fim?

A gefe guda, amsar ita ce mai sauƙi: an kammala karatun a makarantar Conservatory da digiri na biyu (1958-61), aikin koyarwa bai riga ya kerawa ba. Amma babu wanda ya yi gaggawar yin umarni da yin kidan matashin mawaki Alfred Schnittke.

Sannan abu daya ne ya rage: rubuta kida don fina-finai da bunkasa yarenku da salon ku. Abin farin ciki, koyaushe ana buƙatar kiɗan fim.

Daga baya, mawaki da kansa zai ce tun daga farkon 60s "za a tilasta masa ya rubuta kiɗan fim na shekaru 20." Wannan duka aikin farko ne na mawaki don "samun abincinsa na yau da kullun" da kuma kyakkyawar dama don bincike da gwaji.

Schnittke yana daya daga cikin mawaƙa waɗanda suka sami damar wuce iyakokin nau'in fim ɗin kuma a lokaci guda ƙirƙirar kiɗan "amfanuwa" kawai. Dalilin haka shi ne hazakar maigida da kuma gagarumin iya aiki.

Daga 1961 zuwa 1998 (shekarar mutuwa), an rubuta kiɗa don fiye da fina-finai 80 da zane-zane. Salon fina-finai tare da waƙar Schnittke sun bambanta sosai: daga babban bala'i zuwa wasan kwaikwayo, wasan kwaikwayo da fina-finai game da wasanni. Salo da yaren kiɗa na Schnittke a cikin ayyukan fim ɗinsa sun bambanta sosai kuma sun bambanta.

Don haka sai ya zama cewa waƙar fim ɗin Alfred Schnittke ita ce mabuɗin fahimtar waƙarsa, wanda aka ƙirƙira ta cikin manyan nau'ikan ilimi.

Game da mafi kyawun fina-finai tare da kiɗan Schnittke

Tabbas, duk sun cancanci kulawa, amma yana da wuya a yi magana game da su duka, don haka yana da kyau a ambaci kaɗan:

• An dakatar da "Commissar" (dir. A. Askoldov) fiye da shekaru 20 saboda dalilai na akida, amma har yanzu masu kallo sun ga fim din;
• "Belorussky Station" - waƙar da aka tsara musamman ga fim din B. Okudzhava, wanda kuma ya yi sauti a cikin nau'i na tafiya (maki da sauran kiɗa na A. Schnittka);
• "Wasanni, wasanni, wasanni" (dir. E. Klimov);
• "Uncle Vanya" (dir. A. Mikhalkov-Konchalovsky);
• "Agony" (dir. E. Klimov) - babban hali shine G. Rasputin;
• "The White Steamer" - bisa labarin da Ch. Aitmatov;
• "Labarin Yadda Tsar Peter Ya Auri Blackamoor" (dir. A. Mitta) - bisa ayyukan A. Pushkin game da Tsar Peter;
• "Ƙananan Masifu" (dir. M. Schweitzer) - bisa ga ayyukan A. Pushkin;
• "Tale of Wanderings" (dir. A. Mitta);
• "Matattu Souls" (dir. M. Schweitzer) - ban da kiɗan fim ɗin, akwai kuma "Gogol Suite" don wasan kwaikwayo na Taganka Theater "Revision Tale";
• "Mai Jagora da Margarita" (dir. Yu. Kara) - makomar fim din da kuma hanyar zuwa ga masu sauraro sun kasance masu wuyar gaske da kuma jayayya, amma ana iya samun sigar fim din a kan layi a yau.

Lakabin suna ba da ra'ayi na jigogi da makirci. Ƙarin masu karatu masu basira za su kula da sunayen masu gudanarwa, yawancin su sanannun da mahimmanci.

Har ila yau, akwai kiɗa don zane-zane, misali "Glass Harmonica," inda, ta hanyar nau'in yara da kiɗa na A. Schnittke, darektan A. Khrzhanovsky ya fara tattaunawa game da manyan kayan fasaha.

Amma mafi kyawun abin da za a ce game da kiɗan fim na A. Schnittke shine abokansa: masu gudanarwa, masu yin kida, mawaƙa.

 A farkon ƙasa a cikin kiɗan Schnittke da polystylists

Wannan yawanci ana danganta shi da ɗan ƙasa, al'adun iyali, da ma'anar kasancewa cikin wata al'ada ta ruhaniya.

Asalin Schnittke na Jamusanci, Bayahude da Rashanci sun haɗu zuwa ɗaya. Yana da rikitarwa, baƙon abu ne, baƙon abu ne, amma a lokaci guda yana da sauƙi kuma mai hazaka, ta yaya mawaƙin ƙirƙira mai hazaka zai iya “fusa” tare.

An fassara kalmar a matsayin: Dangane da kiɗan Schnittke, wannan yana nufin cewa ana nuna salo iri-iri, nau'o'i da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban kuma ana nuna su: litattafai, avant-garde, tsoffin chorales da waƙoƙin ruhaniya, waltzes na yau da kullun, polkas, maci, waƙoƙi, guitar. music, jazz, da dai sauransu.

Mawaƙin ya yi amfani da fasaha na polystylists da collage, da kuma wani nau'i na "wasan kwaikwayo na kayan aiki" (halaye da bayyana ma'anar timbres). Daidaitaccen ma'aunin sauti da wasan kwaikwayo na ma'ana suna ba da jagorar manufa da tsara haɓakar abubuwa daban-daban, banbance tsakanin na gaskiya da na rakiyar, kuma a ƙarshe suna kafa kyakkyawar manufa.

Game da babba da mahimmanci

             Bari mu tsara ra'ayoyi:

• ta hanyar fim ɗin taron, fim ɗin kwatanci, kiɗan Alfred Schnittke yana sa ku yi tunani game da mahimmanci, babban abu a rayuwar mutum, al'umma, al'umma, duk bil'adama;
• Schnittke ya taɓa cewa kiɗa shine "kukan da ake ji na lokaci." Kuma ba komai ko mene ne dalilin wannan maganar. Yana da mahimmanci cewa Jagora ya fahimta, yayi bayani kuma ya fassara "kukan, kuka, kalmomi da raɗaɗi" na mutanen zamaninsa zuwa sautin kiɗa. Wannan yana nufin cewa masu zamani da zuriya za su ji abin da ke cikin ranmu;
• Schnittke yayi magana da mai sauraronsa a cikin harshen kiɗa game da muhimman abubuwa. Amma dole ne mutum ya koyi fahimtar wannan harshe, sai kawai fahimtar tunanin mawaƙa zai zo;
• Waƙar fim ɗin Schnittke na iya taimakawa wajen fahimta, saboda akwai jerin bidiyo, saboda sauraron da kallo a lokaci guda yana ɗan sauƙi.

Kuma a sa'an nan - taro tare da kiɗa na Alfred Schnittke, mai hazaka na 2nd rabin na 20th karni. Babu wanda yayi alkawarin cewa zai zama mai sauƙi, amma wajibi ne a sami mutumin da ke cikin ku don fahimtar abin da ya kamata ya zama mahimmanci a rayuwa.