Tarihin clarinet

Clarinet kayan aikin iska ne na kiɗa da aka yi da itace. Yana da sautin taushi da faɗin sauti. Ana amfani da clarinet don ƙirƙirar kiɗa na kowane nau'in. Clarinetists na iya yin ba kawai solo ba, har ma a cikin mawaƙa na kiɗa.

Tarihinsa ya wuce fiye da ƙarni 4. An halicci kayan aiki a cikin 17th - 18th karni. Ba a san ainihin ranar bayyanar kayan aikin ba. Amma masana da yawa sun yarda cewa clarinet an kirkiro shi ne a cikin 1710 Johann Christoph Denner. Ya kasance gwanin kayan aikin iskar itace. Yayin zamanantar da Chalumeau na Faransanci, Denner ya ƙirƙiri sabon kayan kida mai fa'ida. Lokacin da ya fara bayyana, chalumeau ya yi nasara kuma an yi amfani da shi sosai a matsayin wani ɓangare na kayan kida na ƙungiyar makaɗa. Chalumeau Denner an ƙirƙira shi a cikin hanyar bututu mai ramuka 7. Kewayon clarinet na farko ya kasance octave ɗaya kawai. Kuma don inganta ingancin, Denner ya yanke shawarar maye gurbin wasu abubuwa. Ya yi amfani da sandar sanda ya cire bututun mai tsuma. Bugu da ari, don samun fa'ida mai yawa, clarinet ya sami sauye-sauye na waje da yawa. Babban bambanci tsakanin clarinet da chalumeau shine bawul a bayan kayan aiki. Ana sarrafa bawul ɗin yatsa. Tare da taimakon bawul, kewayon clarinet yana canzawa zuwa octave na biyu. A ƙarshen karni na 17, ana amfani da chalumeau da clarinet lokaci guda. Amma a ƙarshen karni na 18, chalumeau yana rasa shahararsa.

Bayan mutuwar Denner, ɗansa Yakubu ya gaji kasuwancinsa. Bai bar sana'ar mahaifinsa ba kuma ya ci gaba da ƙirƙira da haɓaka kayan aikin iska na kiɗa. A halin yanzu, akwai manyan kayan kida guda 3 a cikin gidajen tarihi na duniya. Kayan nasa suna da bawuloli 2. An yi amfani da Clarinets tare da bawuloli 2 har zuwa karni na 19. A cikin 1760 Shahararren mawaƙin Australiya Paur ya ƙara wani bawul ga waɗanda ke akwai. Bawul na huɗu, a madadinsa, ya kunna Brussels clarinetist Rottenberg. A cikin 1785, ɗan Biritaniya John Hale ya yanke shawarar haɗa bawul na biyar a cikin kayan aikin. Bawul na shida ya kara da clarinetist na Faransa Jean-Xavier Lefebvre. Saboda wanda aka ƙirƙiri sabon sigar kayan aiki tare da bawuloli 6.

A ƙarshen karni na 18, an haɗa clarinet cikin jerin kayan kida na gargajiya. Sautinsa ya dogara da fasaha na mai yin. Ivan Muller ana daukarsa a matsayin mai yin virtuoso. Ya canza tsarin bakin. Wannan canjin ya shafi sautin timbre da kewayon. Kuma gaba daya gyara wurin clarinet a cikin masana'antar kiɗa.

Tarihin bayyanar kayan aiki bai ƙare a nan ba. A cikin karni na 19, farfesa na Conservatory Hyacinth Klose, tare da mawallafin kiɗa Louis-Auguste Buffet, sun inganta kayan aikin ta hanyar shigar da bawul ɗin zobe. Ana kiran irin wannan clarinet "Faransanci clarinet" ko "Boehm clarinet".

Adolphe Sax da Eugène Albert sun yi ƙarin canje-canje da ra'ayoyi.

Mawallafin Jamus Johann Georg da clarinetist Karl Berman suma sun ba da gudummawar ra'ayoyinsu. Sun canza aikin tsarin bawul. Godiya ga wannan, samfurin Jamus na kayan aiki ya bayyana. Samfurin Jamusanci ya sha bamban da na Faransanci domin yana nuna ƙarfin sauti a wani wuri mafi girma. Tun 1950, shaharar samfurin Jamus ya ragu sosai. Don haka, 'yan Austrian, Jamusawa da Holland ne kawai ke amfani da wannan clarinet. Kuma shahararren samfurin Faransanci ya karu sosai.

A farkon karni na 20, ban da Jamusanci da Faransa model, "Albert's clarinets" da "Mark's kayan aiki" ya fara samar. Irin waɗannan samfuran suna da fa'ida mai yawa, wanda ke ɗaga sauti zuwa mafi girman octaves.

A halin yanzu, sigar zamani na clarinet yana da hadaddun inji da kusan bawuloli 20.