Accordion: menene, tarihi, abun da ke ciki, yadda yake kama da sauti

Accordion sanannen sanannen, kayan kiɗan da ya yaɗu. Duk wani ɗakin ajiya yana da azuzuwan da ke koyar da yadda ake kunna ta. Accordion yana da abubuwa da yawa, yana da faffadan sautuka. Ayyuka daga na gargajiya zuwa sauti na zamani a zahiri a cikin aikin wannan ci-gaban harmonica.

Menene accordion

Accordion kayan kida ne da ake ɗauka a matsayin nau'in harmonica na hannu. Sanye take da madannai mai kama da piano. Yana kama da accordion: dangane da ƙirar, yana da layuka 5-6 na maɓalli waɗanda ke samar da sautin bass da ƙira, ko bayanin kula daban.

Kayan aiki yana da layuka biyu na maɓalli dake hagu, a dama. Na dama don yin waƙa ne, na hagu kuma na rakiyar.

Bambanci daga maɓalli accordion yana cikin harsunan rawar soja. A cikin maɓalli na maɓalli, an daidaita reed ɗin gaba ɗaya, yayin da a cikin accordion ɗin ba su dace da sautin ba, suna ba da sautin fara'a ta musamman.

Sautin accordion yana da ƙarfi, mai arziki, mai yawa. Saboda wannan, kayan aikin na iya zama duka solo da rakiyar su.

na'urar accordion

Tsarin ciki na accordion shine tsarin gabaɗayan hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa:

• harshe;
• buɗaɗɗen bawul;
• muryar murya;
• shigar da ɗakin murya;
• ɗakin shigar da bass;
• ɗakunan shiga na waƙoƙin waƙa;
• barawo;
• wuyansa;
• makullin waƙa;
• maɓallan madannai masu rahusa;
• waƙa da rakiyar rajista masu sauyawa.

Maɓallan madannai guda biyu, bisa ga zane-zane, ana haɗa su ta Jawo, wanda ke taimakawa wajen tura iska zuwa cikin injin madannai na pneumatic. Lokacin da ka danna maɓallai, iska tana gudana ta cikin harsuna tana shiga ciki har sai ta tsaya. Ta hanyar yin aiki kawai a kan rukunin maɓallan da ake so, mai kunnawa yana buɗe bawul ɗin iska, iska daga ɓangarorin ya shiga wani ɗakin sauti, yana fita ta hanyar muryar murya, yana yin sautin da ake buƙata.

Tarihin Accordion

Tarihin accordion ya koma baya mai zurfi: asalin yana da alaƙa da kasar Sin, inda aka fara ƙirƙira bakin harmonica. Lokacin da kasuwancin kasa da kasa ya fara aiki, kayan aikin ya zo Turai, bayan haka ya fara canji na musamman.

Ya ƙirƙira wani samfuri mai kama da sigar zamani, mai kula da gabobin Cyril Damian, ɗan ƙasar Vienna. Lamarin ya faru ne a cikin 1829: mai sana'a ya gabatar da sabon abu ga duniya, ya ba da izini, kuma ya fito da sunan asali - "accordeon".

Tarihin kayan kiɗan ya fara ne a ranar 23 ga Mayu, 1829, lokacin da K. Damian ya ba da izinin ƙirƙira. A yau 23 ga Mayu ita ce Ranar Accordion ta Duniya.

Daga Vienna, na'urar kiɗa ta yi ƙaura zuwa Italiya: a nan, a karon farko, an ƙaddamar da samarwa akan sikelin masana'antu.

A Rasha, na'urar kiɗa ta fara bayyana marigayi, a cikin 40s na karni na XIX. Da farko, an sayi sha'awar a ƙasashen waje; attajirai ('yan kasuwa, 'yan kasuwa, masu fa'ida na yawan jama'a) na iya samun irin wannan alatu. A hankali, tare da taimakon serfs, accordion ya zo ƙauyuka, ƙauyuka, ba da daɗewa ba ya juya zuwa kusan kayan aikin gargajiya na Rasha.

A yau, wannan kayan aiki yana buƙata a cikin ayyukan kide-kide: yana iya sake haifar da kewayon sauti na musamman, yin kwaikwayon sautunan sauran kayan kida. Virtuoso, masu sana'a masu sana'a suna iya doke kusan kowane abun da ke ciki, daban-daban a cikin nau'i, salo, shugabanci.

Nau'in accordions

Ana yin rarrabuwa bisa ga mahimman abubuwa da yawa:

1. Nau'in allo:

• Allon madannai (ana shirya madannai kamar piano),
• Maɓallin turawa (maɓallin madannai yana wakiltar layuka da yawa na maɓalli).

2. Tsarin rakiyar a hannun hagu:

• Shirye (haɗin rakiyar: basses, shirye-shiryen ƙira),
• Shirye-zaɓi (na'urar tana sanye da tsarin biyu (shirye, zaɓi) waɗanda zasu iya canzawa ta amfani da rajista).

3. Ta girman (akwai nau'i daban-daban, daga kanana, nau'ikan ɗalibai, zuwa na kide-kide. Ana kiran ƙaramin accordions accordion mai son):

• 1/2 - An yi amfani da shi don koyar da Playing ga yara masu shekaru 5-9. Samfurin shine diatonic - maballin maballin turawa, ma'auni yana iyakance. Mafi ƙarancin nauyi, kewayo kusan octaves biyu.
• 3/4 - kayan aikin da aka ƙirƙira don ɗaliban makarantun kiɗa, wasa mai son. Yana da kewayon 2 octaves. Irin wannan accordion, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana da kashi uku, tare da shirye-shiryen da aka yi. Dace da sauki repertoire.
• 7/8 samfuri ne da aka tsara don manyan mawaƙa. Iyakar aikace-aikacen – kunna kiɗan mai son. Kewayon octaves uku ne.
• 4/4 kwararre ne, kayan kide-kide. Matsakaicin iyaka shine 3,5 octaves. Wataƙila murya uku, huɗu, biyar.

Na dabam, yana da daraja ambaton samfuran dijital da aka samar tun daga 2010. Ƙasar asalin ita ce Italiya, amma alamar kasuwanci ta Roland (Japan) ta saki. Jafananci sun sayi tsohon kamfanin Italiya Dallape, wanda ya fi tsufa da ke kera accordions. Tun daga wannan lokacin, kasuwancin ya fara haɓaka a cikin wata hanya ta daban, ƙirar dijital ta farko ta ga haske.

Babban fa'idodin kayan aikin dijital:

• sauki,
• ikon haɗi zuwa kwamfuta, belun kunne, lasifikar,
• rashin jin daɗin yanayin waje (zazzabi, zafi),
• rayuwa mai tsawo,
• ginannen metronome
• canza saituna, timbre sauti tare da bugun maɓalli ɗaya.

Ƙirƙirar samfurin dijital ya zama sabon mataki a cikin sabunta kayan aiki, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a inganta tsarinsa. Wataƙila wannan ya yi nisa daga ƙarshe, kuma na'urar za ta ci gaba da canzawa, ta zama mai rikitarwa, da haɓakawa.

Yadda za a zabi accordion

Zaɓin kayan kiɗan abu ne mai tsanani. Ƙananan lahani ba shakka za su yi mummunan tasiri ga sauti. Masana suna ba da shawarar kula da mahimman abubuwan da ke gaba:

1. Bayyanar. Jiki, belts, furs dole ne su kasance ba tare da lalacewa ba (haɓaka, kasusuwa, fashe, hawaye, ramuka). Ko kadan nakasawa ba za a yarda da shi ba.
2. ingancin sauti. Yana da sauƙi don duba wannan siga: kuna buƙatar rabuwa, sannan ku kawo Jawo tare ba tare da taɓa maɓallan ba. Nan da nan za a bayyana ko akwai ramuka a kan Jawo wanda ba a sani ba yayin dubawa na gani. Idan iska ta fita da sauri, ba za a iya amfani da bellow ba.
3. Ingancin maɓalli da maɓalli. Maɓallai, maɓallai, kada a nutse a ciki, a danna su sosai, su kasance a wurare daban-daban.
4. Kayan aiki yana aiki. Ƙwaƙwal mafi sauƙi da aka kunna akan kayan aiki yana kammala binciken kafin siyarwa. Maɓallin kada su yi murzawa, yin huɗa, yin wasu sautunan ban mamaki. Masu rajista suna da sauƙin dannawa, sannan su koma da sauri zuwa matsayinsu na asali.
5. Girman. Idan yaro yana buƙatar abu, girman al'amurra: dacewa yayin wasan zai kasance yana samar da wani abu wanda bai kai ga hanta kaɗan ba (lokacin da yake durƙusa matashin mawaƙa).

Sha'ani mai ban sha'awa

Masoyan kiɗan za su yi sha'awar abubuwan ban sha'awa masu alaƙa da haɓakar harmonica:

• Kayan aiki na yau da kullun yana auna matsakaicin kilogiram 8-10, kayan kide-kide ya fi nauyi - 15 kg.
• "Accordeon" kalmar Faransanci ce ma'ana "harmonica ta hannu".
• Nahiyar Amurka ta saba da kwafin farko a cikin karni na XNUMX, kuma ana kiran su "pianos akan madauri".
• Lokacin mafi girman shaharar kayan aikin ya faɗi a farkon rabin karni na XNUMX.
• Jihar California ta gina wani abin tunawa ga accordion.
• Farashin samfuran ƙwararru shine dubun dubatan daloli. Alamar accordion mafi tsada a duniya shine Hohner Gola - $30.
• Mafi kyawun masana'antun kayan aiki suna cikin Turai (Italiya, Jamus, Rasha).
• Rasha Enterprises tsunduma a cikin samar da sana'a model - "AKKO", "Rasha accordion".
• A cikin mahaifar kayan aikin, a kasar Sin, ana kiranta "Sun-Fin-Chin". Ana ɗaukar tsohuwar samfurin a matsayin "shen", harmonica wanda ke ƙawata gidan kayan tarihi na Amurka.

Accordion wani ƙaramin kayan kida ne na matasa, wanda ba za a iya la'akari da samuwar sa cikakke ba. Ana haɓaka samfura akai-akai, haɓakawa, mawaƙa masu daɗi da masu sauraro. Sauti mai ƙarfi, mai yawan muryoyin murya wanda zai iya kwaikwayon kowane sauti shine babban dalilin shahararsa a duniya.