Anna Yesipova (Anna Yesipova) |

Anna Yesipova

A 1865-70 ta yi karatu a St. Petersburg Conservatory tare da T. Leshetitsky (matarsa ​​a 1878-92). Ta fara halarta a karon a 1868 (Salzburg, Mozarteum) kuma ta ci gaba da ba da kide-kide a matsayin mawaƙin solo har zuwa 1908 (wasan kwaikwayo na ƙarshe shine a St. Petersburg ranar Maris 3, 1908). A 1871-92 ta zauna yafi kasashen waje, sau da yawa ba da kide kide a Rasha. Ta zagaya da nasara a kasashen Turai da dama (tare da nasara ta musamman a Ingila) da kuma a Amurka.

Esipova ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan wakilai na fasahar pianistic na ƙarshen 19th da farkon 20th karni. An bambanta wasanta da faɗin ra'ayoyi, kyawawan halaye na kwarai, jin daɗin sauti, da taɓawa mai laushi. A farkon lokacin yin ayyuka (kafin 1892), wanda ke da alaƙa da wasannin kide-kide na musamman, wasan Esipova ya mamaye fasalulluka na al'adar salon salon kyawawan halaye a cikin fasahar pianistic (sha'awar wasan kwaikwayo na zahiri). Cikakkun daidaito a cikin sassa, cikakkiyar ƙwarewar dabarun "wasan lu'u-lu'u" sun kasance masu hazaka musamman a cikin fasaha na bayanin kula biyu, octaves da chords; a cikin ɓangarorin bravura da sassa, akwai ɗabi'a zuwa matsananciyar saurin lokaci; a cikin yanayin magana, juzu'i, daki-daki, jimla "wavy".

Tare da waɗannan fasalulluka na salon wasan kwaikwayon, akwai kuma ɗabi'a ga fassarar bravura na ayyukan nagarta na F. Liszt da F. Chopin; a cikin fassarar nocturnes na Chopin, mazurkas da waltzes, a cikin ƙananan waƙoƙi na F. Mendelssohn, inuwa na sanannun hali ya kasance sananne. Ta haɗa a cikin shirye-shiryen salon kyawawan ayyuka na M. Moszkowski, wasan kwaikwayo na B. Godard, E. Neupert, J. Raff da sauransu.

Tuni a farkon lokacin a cikin pianism ta, akwai hali don daidaita ma'auni, wasu ma'anar fassarar, zuwa ainihin haifuwa na rubutun marubucin. A cikin tsarin juyin halitta, wasan Esipova yana ƙara nuna sha'awar sauƙaƙan yanayi, gaskiyar watsawa, yana fitowa daga tasirin makarantar pianism na Rasha, musamman AG Rubinshtein.

A cikin marigayi, lokacin "Petersburg" (1892-1914), lokacin da Esipova ta sadaukar da kanta musamman ga ilimin ilmantarwa kuma ta riga ta kasa yin wasan kwaikwayo na solo, a cikin wasanta, tare da virtuoso haskakawa, muhimmancin yin ra'ayoyin, hana haƙiƙa ya fara zama mafi girma. bayyana a fili. Wannan shi ne wani ɓangare saboda tasirin da'irar Belyaevsky.

Repertoire na Esipova ya haɗa da ayyukan BA Mozart da L. Beethoven. A cikin 1894-1913 ta yi a cikin ensembles, ciki har da a cikin maraice na sonata - a cikin duet tare da LS Auer (ayyukan L. Beethoven, J. Brahms, da dai sauransu), a cikin uku tare da LS Auer da AB Verzhbilovich . Esipova shi ne editan piano guda, ya rubuta bayanin kula ("Makarantar Piano ta AH Esipova ba ta ƙare ba").

Tun 1893, Esipova farfesa ce a St. Petersburg Conservatory, inda, fiye da shekaru 20 na koyarwa, ta kirkiro ɗayan manyan makarantun pianism na Rasha. Ka'idodin koyarwa na Esipova sun dogara ne akan ka'idodin fasaha da hanyoyin koyarwa na makarantar Leshetitsky. Ta yi la'akari da ci gaba da 'yancin motsi, haɓaka fasahar yatsa ("yatsu masu aiki") don zama mafi mahimmanci a cikin pianism, ta cimma "shirye-shiryen da aka yi niyya na ƙididdigewa", "zamiya octaves"; ya haɓaka ɗanɗano don daidaitawa, daidaitaccen wasa, mai tsauri da ƙayatarwa, maras kyau a cikin kammala cikakkun bayanai da sauƙi ta hanyar aiwatarwa.

Daliban Esipova sun haɗa da OK Kalantarova, IA Vengerova, SS Polotskaya-Emtsova, GI Romanovsky, BN Drozdov, LD Kreutzer, MA Bikhter, AD Virsaladze, S. Barep, AK Borovsky, CO Davydova, GG Sharoev, HH Poznyakovskaya, SS. Prokofiev et al. ; na wani lokaci MB Yudina da AM Dubyansky sunyi aiki tare da Esipova.

B. Yu. Delson