Kathleen Ferrier (Ferrier) |

Kathleen Ferrier

VV Timokhin ya rubuta: “Kathleen Ferrier tana da ɗaya daga cikin kyawawan muryoyi na ƙarni namu. Tana da ainihin contralto, wanda aka bambanta da sautin zafi na musamman a cikin ƙananan rajista. A ko'ina cikin kewayon, muryar mawaƙin ta kasance mai daɗi da taushi. A cikin gandun daji, a cikin yanayin sautin, akwai wasu wasan kwaikwayo na "ainihin" na wasan kwaikwayo da na ciki. Wani lokaci wasu kalmomin da mawaƙin ya rera sun isa su ƙirƙira a cikin mai sauraro ra'ayin hoto mai cike da girman baƙin ciki da tsantsar sauƙi. Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa a cikin wannan sautin motsin rai ne aka warware da yawa daga cikin abubuwan fasaha na ban mamaki na mawakin.

An haifi Kathleen Mary Ferrier a ranar 22 ga Afrilu, 1912 a garin Haiger Walton (Lancashire), a arewacin Ingila. Iyayenta da kansu suna rera waƙa a cikin ƙungiyar mawaƙa kuma tun tana ƙarama sun cusa wa yarinyar soyayyar kiɗa. A Makarantar Sakandare ta Blackburn, inda Kathleen ta yi karatu, ta kuma koyi buga piano, ta rera waƙa, kuma ta sami ilimin ilimin kida na asali. Hakan ya taimaka mata ta lashe gasar matasa mawaka da aka gudanar a wani gari da ke kusa. Abin sha'awa, ta sami kyaututtukan farko guda biyu a lokaci guda - a cikin rera waƙa da piano.

Duk da haka, matalauta kudi halin da ake ciki na iyayenta ya kai ga gaskiyar cewa shekaru da yawa Kathleen yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da tarho. Sai tana da shekara ashirin da takwas (!) ta fara daukar darasin waka a Blackburn. A lokacin, yakin duniya na biyu ya fara. Don haka wasan farko na mawakin ya kasance a masana'antu da asibitoci, a wurin da sassan sojoji suke.

Kathleen ta yi da waƙoƙin jama'a na Ingilishi, kuma tare da babban nasara. Nan take suka fara soyayya da ita: kyawun muryarta da salon wasan kwaikwayon da rashin fasaha suka mamaye masu sauraro. Wani lokaci an gayyaci mawaƙi mai son yin kide-kide na gaske, tare da halartar ƙwararrun mawaƙa. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan wasan kwaikwayon ya sami shaida ta wurin shahararren madugu Malcolm Sargent. Ya shawarci matashin mawakin ga shugabancin kungiyar kide-kide ta London.

A cikin Disamba 1942, Ferrier ya bayyana a London, inda ta yi karatu tare da fitaccen mawaki kuma malami Roy Henderson. Ba da daɗewa ba ta fara wasan kwaikwayo. Kathleen ta rera waƙa da solo kuma tare da manyan mawakan Ingilishi. Tare da na ƙarshe, ta yi oratorios ta Handel da Mendelssohn, ta hanyar Bach. A cikin 1943, Ferrière ta fara fitowa a matsayin ƙwararriyar mawaƙi a Handel's Almasihu.

A 1946, singer ya sadu da mawaki Benjamin Britten, wanda sunansa ya kasance a bakin dukkan mawakan kasar bayan fara wasan opera Peter Grimes. Britten yana aiki a kan sabon opera, The Lamentation of Lucretia, kuma ya riga ya zayyana simintin gyare-gyare. Sai kawai jam'iyyar jarumi - Lucretia, siffar tsabta, rashin tausayi da rashin tsaro na mace mace, na dogon lokaci ba su yi kuskuren bayar da kowa ba. A ƙarshe, Britten ya tuna Ferrière, mawaƙin contralto da ya ji shekara guda da ta wuce.

An fara Makoki na Lucretia a ranar 12 ga Yuli, 1946, a bikin Glyndebourne na farko bayan yakin. Wasan opera ta yi nasara. Daga baya, ƙungiyar Glyndebourne Festival, wanda ya haɗa da Kathleen Ferrier, sun yi shi fiye da sau sittin a birane daban-daban na kasar. Don haka sunan mawakin ya zama sananne a tsakanin masu sauraron Ingilishi.

Bayan shekara guda, bikin Glyndebourne ya sake buɗewa tare da samar da opera mai nuna Ferrière, wannan lokacin tare da Gluck's Orpheus da Eurydice.

Sassan Lucretia da Orpheus sun iyakance aikin opera na Ferrier. Sashin Orpheus shine kawai aikin mai zane wanda ya raka ta a cikin gajeren rayuwarta na fasaha. VV Timokhin ya ce: "A cikin wasan kwaikwayonta, mawaƙiyar ta kawo fa'idodi masu faɗi. – Muryar mai zane tana kyalli da launuka da yawa – matte, m, m, kauri. Hanyarta zuwa sanannen Aria "Na rasa Eurydice" (aiki na uku) yana nuna alama. Ga wasu mawaƙa (ya isa a tuna dangane da wannan gagarumin fassarar rawar Orpheus a matakin Jamus, Margaret Klose), wannan aria tana kama da baƙin ciki, mai haskakawa Largo. Ferrier yana ba shi ƙarin sha'awa, ban mamaki mai ban sha'awa, kuma aria da kanta yana ɗaukar yanayi daban-daban - ba fastoci masu kyan gani ba, amma mai tsananin sha'awa… ".

Bayan daya daga cikin wasan kwaikwayon, don mayar da martani ga yabon wani mai sha'awar basirarta, Ferrier ya ce: "Eh, wannan rawar tana kusa da ni sosai. Don ba da duk abin da za ku yi yaƙi don ƙaunarku - a matsayin mutum kuma mai zane-zane, Ina jin a shirye-shirye akai-akai don wannan mataki.

Amma mawakin ya fi sha'awar dandalin wasan kwaikwayo. A 1947, a Edinburgh Festival, ta yi Mahler's symphony-cantata The Song of the Earth. Bruno Walter ne ya jagoranta. Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo ya zama abin ban sha'awa a bikin.

Gabaɗaya, fassarorin Ferrier na ayyukan Mahler sun ƙunshi shafi mai ban mamaki a cikin tarihin fasahar murya ta zamani. VV ya rubuta game da wannan a sarari da launi. Timokhin:

"Da alama baƙin cikin Mahler, tausayin jarumanta ya sami amsa ta musamman a cikin zuciyar mawakiyar…

Ferrier yana jin da ban mamaki a hankali farkon hoton kidan Mahler. Amma zanen muryarta ba kawai kyakkyawa ba ne, an ɗora shi da zazzafan bayanin shiga, tausayin ɗan adam. Ayyukan mawaƙin ba su dawwama a cikin tsari mai ruɗi, ɗaki-daki, yana kamawa da jin daɗin rairayi, wayewar waƙa.

Tun daga wannan lokacin, Walter da Ferrier sun zama manyan abokai kuma sau da yawa suna yin tare. Jagoran ya ɗauki Ferrière "daya daga cikin manyan mawaƙa na zamaninmu". Tare da Walter a matsayin dan wasan pianist, mai zane ya ba da recital na solo a bikin Edinburgh na 1949, ya rera waka a bikin Salzburg na wannan shekarar, kuma ya yi a bikin Edinburgh na 1950 a Brahms' Rhapsody na Mezzo-Soprano.

Tare da wannan jagorar, Ferrier ta fara halarta a cikin Janairu 1948 a cikin ƙasan Amurka a cikin waƙar waƙar "Song of the Earth". Bayan wani shagali da aka yi a birnin New York, ƙwararrun masu sukar kiɗa a Amurka sun mayar da martani ga farawar mai zane tare da bita mai daɗi.

Mai zane ya ziyarci Amurka sau biyu don yawon shakatawa. A cikin Maris 1949, ta farko solo concert ya faru a New York. A wannan shekarar, Ferrier ya yi wasa a Kanada da Cuba. Sau da yawa mawaƙin ya yi wasa a cikin ƙasashen Scandinavia. Wakokinta a Copenhagen, Oslo, Stockholm sun kasance babban nasara koyaushe.

Ferrier yakan yi wasa a bikin kiɗan Dutch. A bikin farko, a cikin 1948, ta rera waka "The Song of the Earth", kuma a cikin bukukuwa na 1949 da 1951 ta yi wani ɓangare na Orpheus, wanda ya haifar da babbar sha'awa daga jama'a da manema labarai. A Holland, a cikin Yuli 1949, tare da sa hannu na singer, da kasa da kasa farko na Britten "Spring Symphony" da aka gudanar. A ƙarshen 40s, bayanan farko na Ferrier ya bayyana. A cikin discography na singer, wani gagarumin wurin da aka shagaltar da rikodin na Turanci jama'a songs, soyayya ga abin da ta dauka a cikin dukan rayuwar.

A watan Yuni 1950, da singer dauki bangare a cikin International Bach Festival a Vienna. Ayyukan farko na Ferrière a gaban masu sauraron gida yana cikin Matiyu Passion a Musikverein a Vienna.

VV Timokhin ya rubuta "Babban fasali na fasaha na Ferrier - babban matsayi da saukin hikima - suna da ban sha'awa musamman a cikin fassarar ta Bach, cike da zurfi mai zurfi da haskakawa," in ji VV Timokhin. - Ferrier daidai yana jin martabar kiɗan Bach, mahimmancinta na falsafa da kyakkyawan kyawun sa. Tare da wadatar palette na sautin muryarta, tana canza layin muryar Bach, tana ba shi "multicolor" mai ban mamaki kuma, mafi mahimmanci, "ƙaramar ƙarfi". Kowane jumlar Ferrier yana jin daɗin jin daɗi sosai - ba shakka, ba shi da yanayin faɗuwar kalaman soyayya. Maganar mawaƙin koyaushe yana kan kamewa, amma akwai wani inganci mai ban mamaki a cikinta - wadatar abubuwan tunani, wanda ke da mahimmanci musamman ga kiɗan Bach. Lokacin da Ferrier ya ba da yanayin bakin ciki a cikin muryarsa, mai sauraron ba ya barin jin cewa nau'in rikici mai ban mamaki yana girma a cikin hanjinsa. Hakazalika, mawaƙi mai haske, jin daɗi, ɗagawa yana da nasa "bakan" - rawar jiki mai damuwa, tashin hankali, rashin tausayi.

A shekara ta 1952, babban birnin kasar Ostiriya ya maraba da Ferrier bayan wani gagarumin wasan kwaikwayo na mezzo-soprano a cikin Song of the Earth. A wannan lokacin, mawaƙin ya riga ya san cewa tana fama da rashin lafiya, ƙarfin aikinta na fasaha ya ragu sosai.

A cikin Fabrairu 1953, mawaƙin ya sami ƙarfin komawa mataki na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Covent Garden, inda aka shirya ƙaunataccen Orpheus. Ta yi wasa ne kawai a cikin wasanni guda biyu a cikin hudun da aka tsara, amma, duk da rashin lafiyarta, ta kasance mai hazaka kamar kullum.

Critic Winton Dean, alal misali, ya rubuta a cikin mujallar Opera game da wasan farko a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, 1953: “Kyawun muryarta mai ban mamaki, babban kade-kade da kuma sha’awar da ya ba wa mawaƙa damar shigar da ainihin ainihin almara na Orpheus, ya isar da abubuwan da suka faru. baƙin cikin hasarar ɗan adam da kuma duk-nasara ikon music. Fitowar matakin Ferrier, ko da yaushe mai ban mamaki, yana da ban sha'awa musamman a wannan lokacin. Gaba d'aya wasan kwaikwayo ne na k'yau da ban sha'awa wanda hakan yasa gaba d'aya ta rufe dukkan abokan aikinta.

Alas, a ranar 8 ga Oktoba, 1953, Ferrier ya mutu.