Andrey Yakovlevich Eshpay |

Andrey Eshpay

Jituwa ɗaya - duniya mai canzawa… Ya kamata muryar kowace al'umma ta yi sauti a cikin nau'i na nau'in nau'i na duniya, kuma wannan yana yiwuwa idan mai fasaha - marubuci, mai zane, mawallafi - ya bayyana tunaninsa da tunaninsa a cikin harshensa na asali. Yayin da mai fasaha ya kasance na kasa, yawancin mutum ne. A. Eshpay

Ta hanyoyi da yawa, tarihin mawaƙin da kansa ya ƙaddara tabbatacciyar taɓawa ga asali a cikin fasaha. Mahaifin mawaƙin, Y. Eshpay, ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙwararrun waƙar Mari, ya cusa wa ɗansa ƙauna ga fasahar jama'a tare da aikinsa na rashin son kai. A cewar A. Eshpay, “Uba ya kasance mai mahimmanci, mai zurfi, mai hankali da dabara, mai girman kai - mawaƙin gaske mai iya kin kai. Babban masanin al'adun gargajiya, ya zama kamar ya koma gefe a matsayin marubuci, yana ganin aikinsa na isar da kyawawan mutane da girman tunanin jama'a. Ya gane cewa ba shi yiwuwa a dace da ma'aunin pentatonic Mari… zuwa kowane mai jituwa da zaman kansa, amma baƙon tsarin fasahar jama'a. A koyaushe ina iya gane asali daga aikin mahaifina.”

A. Eshpay tun yana ƙuruciya ya sha tarihin al'umma daban-daban na yankin Volga, duk tsarin lyric-epic na yankin Ugric mai tsanani. Yaƙin ya zama jigo mai ban tausayi na musamman a cikin rayuwa da aikin mawaƙa - ya rasa babban ɗan'uwansa, wanda aka sadaukar da ƙwaƙwalwarsa ga kyakkyawan waƙar "Muscovites" ("Kunne tare da Malaya Bronna"), abokai. A cikin rukunin binciken, Eshpay ya shiga cikin 'yantar da Warsaw, a cikin aikin Berlin. Darussan kiɗan da yaƙin ya katse sun sake komawa a Moscow Conservatory, inda Eshpay ya yi karatu tare da N. Rakov, N. Myaskovsky, E. Golubev da piano tare da V. Sofronitsky. Ya kammala karatun digirinsa na biyu a karkashin jagorancin A. Khachaturian a shekarar 1956.

A wannan lokacin, raye-rayen Symphonic akan Jigogi na Mari (1951), Melodies na Hungarian don violin da orchestra (1952), Concerto na farko na Piano (1954, bugu na 2 - 1987), Concerto Violin na farko (1956) an ƙirƙira. Waɗannan ayyukan sun ba wa mawaƙiya suna sosai, sun buɗe jigogin aikinsa, da ƙirƙira sun karya ƙa'idodin malamansa. Yana da halayyar cewa Khachaturian, wanda ya cusa a cikinsa, bisa ga mawaƙin, "dandano ga sikelin", ya fi rinjaye ra'ayoyin Eshpai game da nau'in wasan kwaikwayo.

Musamman ma'ana shine Concerto na Violin na Farko tare da fashewar yanayin sa, sabo, saurin bayyana ji, buɗaɗɗen roƙo ga jama'a da ƙamus. Har ila yau Eshpay yana kusa da Khachaturian tare da ƙaunarsa ga salon M. Ravel, wanda aka bayyana musamman a cikin aikinsa na piano (First Piano Concerto, First Piano Sonatina - 1948). Jituwa, sabo, yaɗuwar motsin rai da karimci masu launi suma sun haɗu da waɗannan masters.

Taken Myaskovsky wani bangare ne na musamman a cikin aikin Eshpay. Matsayin ɗabi'a, ainihin hoton fitaccen mawaƙin Soviet, mai kiyaye gaskiya da gyara al'ada, ya zama manufa ga mabiyansa. Mawaƙin ya ci gaba da kasancewa da aminci ga ƙa'idar Myaskovsky: "Don zama mai gaskiya, mai himma ga fasaha da jagorantar layin mutum." Memorial ayyuka a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar Myaskovsky suna hade da sunan malamin: Organ Passacaglia (1950), Bambance-bambancen for Orchestra a kan Jigo na Myaskovsky ta goma sha shida Symphony (1966), Na biyu Violin Concerto (1977), Viola Concerto (1987-88). wanda aka yi amfani da kayan aikin gabobin Passacaglia. Tasirin Myaskovsky a kan halayen Eshpay ga al'adun gargajiya ya kasance mai mahimmanci: bin malaminsa, mawaki ya zo ga fassarar alama ta waƙoƙin jama'a, don haɗuwa da yadudduka na al'ada daban-daban. Sunan Myaskovsky kuma yana da alaƙa da roko ga wani al'ada mafi mahimmanci ga Eshpay, wanda aka maimaita a cikin ƙididdiga da yawa, farawa tare da ballet "Da'irar" ("Ka tuna!" - 1979), - Znamenny singing. Da farko, a cikin na huɗu (1980), na biyar (1986), na shida ("Liturgical" Symphony (1988), Choral Concerto (1988) shi ke bayyana, da farko, jituwa, haskakawa, ka'idar ethos, ainihin kaddarorin na kasa kai sani, da asali ka'idojin na Rasha al'adunmu, musamman ma'anar samun wani muhimmin jigo a cikin aikin Eshpay - lyrical. Tushe a cikin gargajiya, shi ba ya juya zuwa individualistic sabani, da inalienable halaye suna jaddada hani da rigor, objectivity a cikin magana, da kuma. sau da yawa haɗin kai kai tsaye tare da maganganun jama'a.

Maganganun jigon soja, nau'ikan abubuwan tunawa, roƙon juya abubuwan da suka faru - ko yaƙi ne, kwanakin tarihi na tarihi - na musamman ne, kuma waƙoƙi koyaushe suna cikin fahimtarsu. Irin wannan ayyuka kamar na farko (1959), na biyu (1962) symphonies, imbued tare da haske ( the epigraph na Farko - kalmomi na V. Mayakovsky "Dole ne mu yi wrest farin ciki daga zuwan kwanaki", epigraph na biyu - "Yabo" zuwa haske"), cantata "Lenin tare da mu" (1968), wanda ya shahara saboda takamammen hoto-kamar kamanni, haske mai haske a cikin magana kuma a lokaci guda mafi kyawun shimfidar waƙa, ya aza harsashi na asali mai salo Fusion. na magana da waƙa, haƙiƙa da na sirri, masu mahimmanci ga manyan ayyukan mawaƙa. Haɗin kai na "kuka da ɗaukaka, tausayi da yabo" (D. Likhachev), mai mahimmanci ga tsohuwar al'adun Rasha, yana ci gaba a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban. Musamman fitattun su ne Symphony na Uku (A cikin Ƙwaƙwalwar Ubana, 1964), Violin na Biyu da Viola Concerto, wani nau'in babban zagayowar - Symphonies na huɗu, na biyar da na shida, wasan kwaikwayo na choral Concerto. A cikin shekaru da yawa, ma'anar jigon waƙar yana samun alamun alama da falsafanci, ƙara tsarkakewa daga duk abin da ke waje, na zahiri-na zahiri, abin tunawa yana sutura a cikin nau'i na misali. Yana da mahimmanci a canza jigon waƙar daga tatsuniya-tatsuniya da kuma labarin jarumtaka a cikin ballet Angara (1975) zuwa cikakken hoton da'irar ballet ɗin gargaɗi (Ka tuna!). Muhimmancin ayyukan sadaukarwa na duniya da ke tattare da wani bala'i, wani lokacin ma'anar baƙin ciki yana ƙara fitowa fili. Tsananin fahimtar yanayin rikice-rikice na duniyar zamani da azancin aikin fasaha ga wannan ingancin sun yi daidai da alhakin mawaƙin ga al'adu da al'adu. Mahimmancin hoto shine "Waƙoƙin Dutsen da Meadow Mari" (1983). Wannan abun da ke ciki, tare da Concerto for oboe and orchestra (1982), an ba shi lambar yabo ta Lenin.

Maƙasudi-lyrical innation da "choral" sauti launi fassarar nau'in kide-kide, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙa'idar mutum ɗaya. An bayyana shi ta nau'i-nau'i daban-daban - abin tunawa, aikin tunani, a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na tatsuniyoyi, a cikin roko zuwa samfurin sake tunani na tsohuwar concerto grosso, wannan jigon yana kare shi akai-akai ta wurin mawaki. A lokaci guda kuma, a cikin nau'in kide-kide, kamar yadda a cikin sauran abubuwan da aka tsara, mawaƙin yana haɓaka abubuwan wasan kwaikwayo, festivity, wasan kwaikwayo, haske na launi, da ƙarfin ƙarfin kuzari na rhythm. Wannan shi ne sananne musamman a cikin Concerto don Orchestra (1966), Piano na biyu (1972), Oboe (1982) Concertos, da Concerto don Saxophone (1985-86) ana iya kiransa "hoton haɓakawa". "Haɗin kai ɗaya - duniya mai canzawa" - waɗannan kalmomi daga ballet "Da'irar" na iya zama alamar aikin maigidan. Canja wurin jituwa, biki a cikin rikici da duniya mai rikitarwa ya keɓanta ga mai yin waƙa.

A lokaci guda tare da tsarin jigon hadisai, Eshpay yakan juya zuwa sabo da wanda ba a sani ba. Haɗin kwayoyin halitta na al'ada da na sabon abu yana da mahimmanci duka a cikin ra'ayoyin kan tsarin tsarawa da kuma a cikin aikin mawallafin kansa. Faɗin da 'yanci a cikin fahimtar ayyukan ƙirƙira suna nunawa a cikin ainihin tsarin kayan aiki. An san cewa jigo na jazz da ƙamus sun mamaye wuri na musamman a cikin aikin mawaƙa. Jazz a gare shi ta wata hanya ce mai kula da kiɗan kanta, da kuma tatsuniyoyi. Mawaƙin ya ba da hankali sosai ga waƙar taro da matsalolinsa, kiɗan haske, fasahar fina-finai, wanda ke da mahimmanci dangane da iyawar ban mamaki da bayyanawa, tushen ra'ayoyi masu zaman kansu. Duniyar kiɗa da rayuwa ta gaskiya suna bayyana a cikin dangantakar kwayoyin halitta: bisa ga mawaƙa, "duniya mai ban mamaki na kiɗa ba a rufe ba, ba a ware ba, amma wani ɓangare ne kawai na sararin samaniya, wanda sunansa shine rayuwa."

M. Lobanova