Vladimir Ivanovich Rebikov |
Vladimir Rebikov
Duk rayuwata ina mafarkin sabbin fasahohin fasaha. A. Bely
A cikin 1910s a kan titunan Yalta mutum zai iya saduwa da wani tsayi, siffa na musamman na mutum wanda ko da yaushe yana tafiya tare da laima guda biyu - fari daga rana da baki daga ruwan sama. Wannan shi ne mawaki da pianist V. Rebikov. Bayan ya rayu a ɗan gajeren rayuwa, amma cike da abubuwa masu haske da tarurruka, yanzu yana neman kadaici da zaman lafiya. Mai fasaha na sababbin buri, mai neman "sabbin tudu", mawaki wanda ta hanyoyi da yawa ya kasance gaba da mutanen zamaninsa wajen amfani da ma'anar ma'anar mutum, wanda daga baya ya zama tushen kiɗa na karni na XNUMX. a cikin aikin A. Scriabin, I. Stravinsky, S. Prokofiev, K. Debussy - Rebikov ya sha wahala mai ban sha'awa na mawaƙa wanda ba a san shi ba a ƙasarsa.
Rebikov aka haife shi a cikin wani iyali kusa da art (mahaifiyarsa da 'yan'uwansa sun kasance pianists). Ya sauke karatu daga Moscow University (Faculty of Philology). Ya yi karatun kiɗa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin N. Klenovsky (dalibi na P. Tchaikovsky), sannan ya sadaukar da shekaru 3 na aiki tukuru don nazarin tushen fasahar kiɗa a Berlin da Vienna a ƙarƙashin jagorancin sanannun malamai - K. Meyerberger (ka'idar kiɗa), O. Yasha (kayan aiki), T. Muller (piano).
Tuni a cikin waɗannan shekarun, an haifi sha'awar Rebikov game da ra'ayin tasirin tasirin kiɗa da kalmomi, kiɗa da zane-zane. Ya yi nazarin waƙar masu alamar Rasha, musamman V. Bryusov, da kuma zane-zane na masu fasaha na kasashen waje na wannan shugabanci - A. Böcklin, F. Stuck, M. Klninger. A cikin 1893-1901. Rebikov ya koyar a cibiyoyin ilimi na kiɗa a Moscow, Kyiv, Odessa, Chisinau, yana nuna kansa a ko'ina a matsayin malami mai haske. Shi ne wanda ya fara ƙirƙirar Society of Rasha Composers (1897-1900) - na farko Rasha composers 'kungiyar. A cikin shekaru goma na farko na karni na XNUMX, kololuwar tashin hankali na tsarawa da ayyukan fasaha na Rebikov ya faɗi. Yana ba da kide-kide da yawa da nasara a ƙasashen waje - a Berlin da Vienna, Prague da Leipzig, Florence da Paris, ya sami karɓuwa daga manyan mawakan ƙasashen waje kamar C. Debussy, M. Calvocoressi, B. Kalensky, O. Nedbal, Z. Needly. , I. Pizzetti da sauransu.
A kan matakan Rasha da na kasashen waje, aikin Rebikov mafi kyau, wasan opera "Yelka", an yi nasarar shirya shi. Jaridu da mujallu suna rubutawa da tattaunawa game da shi. The short-rayu shahara Rebikov Fade tafi a cikin waɗancan shekarun, lokacin da basirar Scriabin da matashi Prokofiev ya bayyana da ƙarfi. Amma duk da haka ba a manta da Rebikov gaba daya ba, kamar yadda V. Nemirovich-Danchenko ya nuna sha'awar wasan opera na baya-bayan nan, The Nest of Nobles (dangane da labari na I. Turgenev).
Salon na Rebikov's abun da ke ciki (10 operas, 2 ballets, da yawa piano shirin hawan keke da guda, romances, music ga yara) cike da kaifi sabani. Yana Mixes da hadisai na gaskiya da kuma unpretentious Rasha yau da kullum lyrics (ba don kome ba P. Tchaikovsky ya amsa da kyau ga Rebikov ta m halarta a karon, wanda ya samu a cikin matasa mawaki ta music "gargadi iyawa ... shayari, da kyau jituwa da kuma sosai na ban mamaki m hazaka" ) da jaruntaka mai ban tsoro. Ana ganin wannan a fili lokacin da aka kwatanta na farko na Rebikov, har yanzu masu sauƙi (biano zagayowar "Autumn Memories" sadaukar da Tchaikovsky, kiɗa ga yara, opera "Yolka", da dai sauransu) tare da ayyukansa na gaba ("Sketches of Moods, Sound Poems, White". Waƙoƙi” na piano, opera Tea da The Abyss, da dai sauransu), wanda ma'anar ma'anarsa tana nufin halayen sabbin ƙungiyoyin fasaha na ƙarni na 50, kamar alamar alama, ra'ayi, furuci, ya zo kan gaba. Waɗannan ayyukan kuma sababbi ne a cikin sifofin da Rebikov ya ƙirƙira: “melomimics, meloplastics, recitations rhythmic, musical-psychographic dramas.” Abubuwan al'adun gargajiya na Rebikov kuma sun haɗa da wasu rubuce-rubuce masu basira a kan kayan ado na kiɗa: "Rubutun kiɗa na ji, kiɗa a cikin shekaru XNUMX, Orpheus da Bacchantes", da dai sauransu. kuma wannan shine babban abin da ya cancanta ga kiɗan Rasha.
GAME DA. Tompakova
Abubuwan da aka tsara:
wasan kwaikwayo (wasan kwaikwayo na kide-kide da ilimin halayyar dan adam) - A cikin tsawa (bisa labarin "The Forest is Noisy" Korolenko, op. 5, 1893, post. 1894, City Transport, Odessa), Princess Mary (bisa labarin "The Forest Jarumi na zamaninmu "Lermontov, ba a gama ba.), Bishiyar Kirsimeti (dangane da tatsuniya "Yarinyar da Matches" na Andersen da labarin "Yaro a Kristi akan Bishiyar Kirsimeti" na Dostoevsky, op 21, 1900. post. 1903, ME Medvedev's Enterprise, tr "Aquarium" , Moscow; 1905, Kharkov), Tea (dangane da rubutun waƙar wannan sunan ta A. Vorotnikov, op. 34, 1904), Abyss (lib. R) ., bisa labarin wannan suna na LN Andreev, shafi na 40, 1907), Mace mai wuƙa (lib. R., bisa ɗan gajeren labarin wannan suna na A. Schnitzler, shafi na 41, 1910). ), Alpha da Omega (lib. R., op. 42, 1911), Narcissus (lib. R., bisa Metamorphoses "Ovid a cikin fassarar TL Shchepkina-Kupernik, op. 45, 1912), Arachne (lib. R., bisa ga Metamorphoses na Ovid, op. 49, 1915), Noble Nest (lib. R., a cewar wani labari na IS Turgenev, op. 55, 1916), almubazzaranci na yara Yarima Mai Kyau da Gimbiya Al'ajabi (1900s); rawa - Snow White (dangane da tatsuniya "The Snow Sarauniya" na Andersen); guda don piano, mawaƙa; romances, waƙoƙin yara (zuwa kalmomin mawaƙa na Rasha); shirye-shiryen waƙoƙin Czech da Slovak, da sauransu.
Ayyukan adabi: Orpheus da Bacchantes, "RMG", 1910, No 1; Bayan shekaru 50, ibid., 1911, Lamba 1-3, 6-7, 13-14, 17-19, 22-25; Rikodin Kiɗa na Ji, ibid., 1913, No 48.
References: Karatygin VG, VI Rebikov, "A cikin kwanaki 7", 1913, No 35; Stremin M., Game da Rebikov, "Rayuwar Artistic", 1922, No 2; Berberov R., (kalmar farko), a cikin ed.: Rebikov V., Pieces for Piano, Littafin rubutu 1, M., 1968.
